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9月14日，七人中的六人在斯普林代尔的 Zion Adventure Company 参加了名为 Keyhole/Subway Ground School 的入门课程。
原文引用 2 处
「six of the seven VHC members enrolled in an introductory course called Keyhole/Subway Ground School at the Zion Adventure Company (ZAC), in the nearby community of Springdale」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「Officials believe the group entered Keyhole Canyon late Monday afternoon, after some of those new to canyoneering took a course, he said.」
AP · 2015-09-18
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据NPS，9月14日上午7点40分，这七人领取了钥匙孔峡谷的溪降许可证。
几条引文出自同一家媒体的不同报道，按一个来源计
原文引用 2 处
「7:40 a.m. Group of seven picked up their canyoneering permit for Keyhole Canyon.」
NPS · 2015-09-16
「7:40 a.m. The group of seven picked up their canyoneering permit for Keyhole Canyon.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
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领取许可证时，这组人被告知了山洪危险，公园会向所有领证者提供当时的天气预报和山洪可能性等级等安全信息。
原文引用 2 处
「The group was told of the danger of flash flooding when they got their entry permit, a common warning during the rainy season, park officials say.」
AP · 2015-09-18
「All individuals who pick up permits are given safety information, including the current forecast and flash flood potential rating at the time they pick up the permit.」
CNN · 2015-09-17
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当天上午的天气预报已提示有雷暴和山洪风险：美国国家气象局盐湖城办公室发布了中等山洪风险，其中狭缝峡谷风险更高。
原文引用 2 处
「On the morning of Sept. 14, the NWS office in Salt Lake City issued a moderate risk of flash flooding, including a higher risk for flash flooding in slot canyons that Zion is known for.」
FOX Weather · 2022-09-14
「it was raining lightly, with forecasters predicting a 40 percent chance of heavy thunderstorms」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，当天出发前，MacKenzie 曾在手机上查看一份把锡安列为干燥的美国国家海洋和大气管理局天气预报。
原文引用 1 处
「MacKenzie then pulled up a Keyhole guidebook page on his phone, along with a NOAA weather report that listed Zion as dry.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，下午1点30分，七人开两辆皮卡驶往约9英里外的钥匙孔峡谷路边停车点。
原文引用 1 处
「At 1:30, the seven packed their gear into Teichner’s and the Arthurs’ pickup trucks and drove nine miles to the parking pullout for Keyhole.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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下午2点22分左右，美国国家气象局对该地区发布了山洪警报，公园关闭了峡谷、停止溪降。
原文引用 3 处
「2:22 p.m. The park area came under a flash flood warning from the National Weather Service.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「While flash flood warnings for the area were issued by the National Weather Service around 2:20 p.m., and park authorities say the canyon areas were closed」
LAist · 2015-09-18
「Canyons were closed to canyoneering.」
NPS · 2015-09-16
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据Outside，2点22分那场警报对应的风暴让科罗拉多城一带的干河道开始行洪，但完全没有经过锡安。
原文引用 1 处
「That storm set the dry washes in Colorado City flowing but missed Zion entirely.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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下午3点30分到4点30分之间，七人进入了钥匙孔峡谷。
原文引用 2 处
「3:30 to 4:30 p.m. The group of seven entered Keyhole Canyon.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「witnesses say they saw the group head into the canyon sometime between 3:30 and 4:30 p.m.」
LAist · 2015-09-18
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据Outside，向导 Jim Clery 带领的小队在第一段绳降处赶上七人队伍，经 MacKenzie 同意后先行通过，此后两队再无接触。
原文引用 3 处
「When Clery reached the opening, the California group had just started down the first rappel.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「MacKenzie told him that would be fine.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「That was the last contact the two groups had.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，峡谷深处的溪降者一直不知道山洪警报已经发布。
原文引用 1 处
「Deep in Keyhole, the canyoneers still had no idea that a flash-flood warning had been issued.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，Clery 小队到达第三段绳降时听到近处一声雷响，随后暴雨骤然落下，几乎没有前兆。
原文引用 2 处
「At the third rappel everything changed. A clear, close thunderclap peeled down the canyon walls.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「There was no front edge to the storm. It switched on like a firehose.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，Clery 小队走出峡谷到达公路时，水已至少齐腰深。
原文引用 1 处
「By the time they reached the road the water was at least waist deep」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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下午4点30分到5点30分，锡安峡谷在不到一小时内降雨0.63英寸，钥匙孔峡谷等多条峡谷开始暴发山洪。
原文引用 3 处
「4:30 to 5:30 p.m. Zion Canyon received 0.63 inches of rain in less than one hour. Rangers noted Keyhole Canyon and several other canyons began to flash flood.」
NPS · 2015-09-16
「Zion recorded 0.63 inches of rain」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
「more than six-tenths of an inch of rain fell within one hour on Monday afternoon」
CNN · 2015-09-17
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维尔京河北支的流量在15分钟内从每秒55立方英尺暴涨到每秒2630立方英尺。
原文引用 3 处
「The flow of the North Fork of the Virgin River rose abruptly from 55 Cubic Feet per Second (CFS) to 2,630 CFS in 15 minutes.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「the North Fork of the Virgin River rose from 55 cubic feet per second to 2,630 cubic feet per second in 15 minutes」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
「shifting from 55 cubic feet of water per second to 2,630 cubic feet per second in only 15 minutes」
LAist · 2015-09-18
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据FOX Weather，钥匙孔峡谷的洪水来得很快，峡谷里的人无法到达高处。
原文引用 1 处
「According to the NWS, flooding in Keyhole Canyon happened quickly, and no one could reach higher ground.」
FOX Weather · 2022-09-14
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公园发言人推测，洪水可能在片刻间就漫过七人，并把他们冲到数英里外的下游。
原文引用 1 处
「The flooding likely rushed over their heads in moments and carried them miles downstream, Eaker said.」
AP · 2015-09-18
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下午5点30分，刚在山洪前穿过钥匙孔峡谷的另一支溪降队伍向护林员报告，他们曾超过一支七人队伍，认为这七人可能被洪水困住。
原文引用 2 处
「5:30 p.m. Another canyoneering group who had been through Keyhole Canyon just before the flood reported to park rangers that they had passed a group of seven canyoneers and believed that they may have been caught in the flood.」
NPS · 2015-09-16
「So they kept going down to the entrance station, where a ranger finally took Clery’s information.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，Clery 一行向护林员报告时，值班护林员试图用无线电转达，但频道被占满。
原文引用 1 处
「The ranger on duty tried the radio to relay their report, but the frequency was jammed with traffic.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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当晚护林员找到了七人的车辆，但没有发现人；由于天气原因，整晚都无法安全展开救援。
原文引用 3 处
「Rangers located the group's vehicles, but did not see any sign of the group. Keyhole Canyon was already flash flooding. Due to weather at the time and through the evening, it was determined that rescue operations could not be safely initiated.」
NPS · 2015-09-16
「The victims’ vehicles were found on Monday evening and search efforts started Tuesday, the park service said in a statement.」
CNN · 2015-09-17
「Extensive search efforts were not possible during the flooding or while the threat of flooding was still present.」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
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同一场风暴还在犹他—亚利桑那边境的希尔代尔一带引发山洪，两辆车被冲走，13名妇女和儿童遇难。
原文引用 2 处
「The same storm that sparked the flooding in the park also caused flash flooding near Hildale, which killed 13 women and children in two cars that were washed away by the raging waters.」
CNN · 2015-09-17
「After an extensive search, local authorities said three people swept away were rescued, and 13 people inside those vehicles died.」
FOX Weather · 2022-09-14
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据NPS，9月15日早上7点搜索开始；因天气和高水位，搜救人员仍无法进入钥匙孔峡谷，喊话无人回应，随后向下游的清溪搜索。
原文引用 2 处
「7:00 a.m. The search began. Keyhole Canyon was still inaccessible to Search and Rescue crews due to weather and high water levels.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「There was no response to verbal calls. The search continued downstream into Clear Creek.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
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9月15日找到四名遇难者：Steve Arthur、Gary Favela、Muku Reynolds 和 Don Teichner。
原文引用 3 处
「Steve Arthur, Favela, Reynolds and Teichner were located on Tuesday.」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
「The bodies of Steve Arthur, Favela, Reynolds and Teichner were found that day」
LAist · 2015-09-18
「5:15 p.m. A fourth body was discovered」
NPS · 2015-09-16
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9月15日下午，一支私人溪降队伍穿过钥匙孔峡谷时在峡谷内发现了一名遇难者，后确认为 Gary Favela。
原文引用 2 处
「2:30 p.m. A private canyoneering group went through Keyhole Canyon and reported the location of an individual who was later identified as Gary Favela.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「Gary Favela—the man Anderson and the Piacitellis discovered」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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9月16日，Robin Brum 和 Mark MacKenzie 在松溪流域被找到；当天因天气和高水位，钥匙孔峡谷和松溪峡谷的技术路段仍无法进入。
原文引用 3 处
「Due to weather conditions and high water levels, the technical sections of Keyhole Canyon and Pine Creek Canyon were not accessible.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「Brum and MacKenzie were located on Wednesday.」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
「while Brum and MacKenzie were discovered on Wednesday」
LAist · 2015-09-18
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国家公园管理局公布了七名遇难溪降者的身份：Mark MacKenzie、Linda Arthur、Steve Arthur、Gary Favela、Don Teichner、Muku Reynolds 和 Robin Brum。
原文引用 3 处
「The seven Keyhole Canyon canyoneers who were overtaken by a flash flood in Zion National Park, have been identified.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「The park identified the hikers as Mark MacKenzie, 56, of Valencia; Linda Arthur, 57, of Camarillo; Steve Arthur, 58, of Camarillo; Robin Brum, 53, of Camarillo;」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
「The victims have now been identified as Ventura County Sheriff's Sgt. Steve Arthur, 58, and his wife, Linda Arthur, 57;」
LAist · 2015-09-18
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9月17日天气好转，搜救人员进入技术路段，上午在下游的松溪峡谷找到最后一名遇难者 Linda Arthur。
原文引用 3 处
「Improved weather conditions allowed rescuers to enter the technical sections of Keyhole Canyon and Pine Creek Canyon.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「10:45 a.m. Linda Arthur was located in Pine Creek Canyon.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「Eaker said search teams found the seventh body Thursday morning in Pine Creek Canyon」
CNN · 2015-09-17
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Linda Arthur 被找到的地点距钥匙孔峡谷数英里，经清溪流域进入松溪峡谷，是七人中离事发地最远的。
原文引用 2 处
「had traveled the farthest: five miles downstream, through the Clear Creek drainage into Pine Creek Canyon」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「Linda Arthur's body was found Thursday a few miles from the sandstone gorge」
AP · 2015-09-18
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搜救期间，超过60名来自多个机构的搜救人员参与。
投入工时随搜救进行而增加，公园9月17日通报为超过1135小时
原文引用 2 处
「over 60 searchers from multiple agencies contributed over 1,135 hours」
NPS · 2015-09-17
「over 60 searchers from multiple agencies have contributed over 760 hours」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
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据NPS，9月17日下午6点，搜救行动结束。
原文引用 1 处
「6:00 p.m. Search and Rescue Operations were concluded.」
NPS · 2015-09-17
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据AP，事后公园表示正在调查事故原因并检讨相关政策，但峡谷许可证制度由全国层面决定，任何改变可能要自上而下进行。
几条引文出自同一家媒体的不同报道，按一个来源计
原文引用 2 处
「The park is investigating what led to the deaths and reviewing its policies, but the process for canyon entry permits is decided at the national level and any changes would likely need to come from the top down」
AP · 2015-09-18
「The park is investigating what led to the deaths and reviewing its policies」
AP · 2015-09-18
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据Outside，Gary Favela 的家属向国家公园管理局提出索赔，认为公园本应有办法提醒遇难者洪水将至。
原文引用 1 处
「Favela’s family has filed a claim for damages against the Park Service, alleging that it should have had a way to alert the victims that a flood was coming.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，遇难者 Arthur 夫妇的女儿 Allison Bottcher 希望能有办法让人们在陡峭峡谷中、没有手机和无线电信号时也能获取天气信息。
原文引用 1 处
「She’d like for there to be a way for people to get weather info even when they’re out of cell and radio range in the steep canyons.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据Outside，公园护林员完成了一份27页的事故报告，但因诉讼未决，国家公园管理局拒绝了公开该报告的信息公开申请。
原文引用 1 处
「completed a 27-page report on the incident. But because of the pending lawsuit, the Park Service denied a Freedom of Information Act request to make it public.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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钥匙孔峡谷是位于锡安国家公园东侧的一条短而窄的狭缝峡谷。
两家媒体都引自公园声明
原文引用 2 处
「Keyhole Canyon is a short, narrow slot canyon located on the east side of Zion National Park」
CNN · 2015-09-17
「Keyhole Canyon is a short, narrow slot canyon located on the east side of Zion National Park.」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
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穿越钥匙孔峡谷需要许可证，途中要完成几段不到30英尺的短距离绳降，并游过几处水潭。
两家媒体都引自公园声明
原文引用 2 处
「A permit is required for traveling through Keyhole Canyon and individuals must complete several short rappels under 30 feet and swim through several pools of water.」
CNN · 2015-09-17
「A permit is required for traveling through Keyhole Canyon and individuals must complete several short rappels under 30 feet and swim through several pools of water.」
SCV News · 2015-09-18
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据Outside，这条峡谷全长约1200英尺，需要三段30英尺的绳降，外加少量攀爬和游泳，距锡安—卡梅尔山公路仅约五分钟步行。
原文引用 1 处
「Five minutes off the park’s Zion–Mount Carmel Highway, the slot canyon is only 1,200 feet long and requires just three 30-foot rappels and a bit of scrambling and swimming」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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钥匙孔峡谷被视为入门级的溪降路线。
原文引用 2 处
「The route is considered entry level, according to canyoneering experts.」
AP · 2015-09-18
「Keyhole is considered an ideal introduction.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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据AP，峡谷里除入口附近一处外几乎没有高地，全程基本都在狭缝中。
引自公园发言人 David Eaker；几条引文出自同一家媒体的不同报道，按一个来源计
原文引用 2 处
「Aside from one spot near the entrance of Keyhole Canyon, "there really is no high ground. You're in a slot pretty much the whole way," Eaker said.」
AP · 2015-09-18
「Aside from one spot near the entrance of Keyhole Canyon, "there really is no high ground. You're in a slot pretty much the whole way," Eaker said.」
AP · 2015-09-18
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七名遇难者中六人来自加利福尼亚州、一人来自内华达州，年龄在51至59岁之间。
原文引用 2 处
「The hikers — six from California and one from Nevada — were killed when fast-moving floodwaters rushed through a narrow park canyon Monday afternoon.」
AP · 2015-09-18
「Seven hikers between 51 and 59 years old were killed in the flash flood.」
FOX Weather · 2022-09-14
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据Outside，这支七人队伍来自南加州的徒步俱乐部 Valencia Hiking Crew，该俱乐部通过 Meetup 组织活动。
原文引用 2 处
「members of Southern California’s Valencia Hiking Crew」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「The Valencia Hiking Crew had organized on Meetup」
Outside · 2016-05-24
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七人都是有经验的徒步者，但多数不是熟练掌握绳降技术的技术型溪降者，只有 Mark MacKenzie 有丰富的溪降经验；部分成员刚接触绳降。
原文引用 3 处
「The seven people who died in Keyhole Canyon were experienced hikers. Most of them were not, however, technical canyoneers, well versed in rappelling techniques.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「Only Mark MacKenzie, the Burbank utility engineer, had extensive canyoneering experience.」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「Some in the group were new to rappelling」
AP · 2015-09-18
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公园的许可证实行「应予发放」政策：只要没有正式的山洪警报，就向申请者发放许可，护林员可以劝阻，但政策上不能评估领证者的技术水平，也不能阻止他们进入。
原文引用 2 处
「unless there’s an actual flash-flood warning in effect, it will give permits to those who want them, though the rangers may try to dissuade people from going」
Outside · 2016-05-24
「park policy prevents rangers from assessing their skill level or stopping them from going, even after repeated warnings of the flood risk Monday」
AP · 2015-09-18
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人一旦进入峡谷，公园就没有办法通知他们天气变化。
原文引用 2 处
「Once inside a canyon, there is no way to contact individuals of changing conditions.」
CNN · 2015-09-17
「there was no way to warn those already inside the majestic slot formations」
AP · 2015-09-18
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据Outside，这是美国历史上最严重的溪降事故，也是锡安国家公园97年来最严重的事故。
原文引用 1 处
「the worst canyoneering disaster in American history and the worst accident of any kind in Zion’s 97 years」
Outside · 2016-05-24
归途路全球户外事故地图档案
