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45岁的鲁兹奇德洛来自纽约，2018年登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
原文引用 2 处
「The 45-year-old from New York had reached the summit of Mount Everest in 2018」
Abenteuer Berg · 2023-10-07
「In 2018 she summited Everest, then Denali, as part of her goal to complete the Seven Summits.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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美国登山者安娜·古图和吉娜·鲁兹奇德洛分别带着夏尔巴向导攀登，都想成为第一位登顶全部14座8000米级山峰的美国女性。
原文引用 4 处
「Rzucidlo and Gutu were climbing separately with their sherpas in their bids to become the first American woman to scale all of the world’s 14 peaks that exceed 8,000 meters」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
「The two climbers were competing to become the first American woman to climb the 14 x 8000, and the Shishapangma was their final objective.」
Alpine Mag · 2023-10-09
「Gutu and Rzucidlo were racing to become the first U.S. women to complete the 14×8,000’ers.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「Gutu was aiming to become the first American woman to complete all 14 8,000-metre mountains.」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-08
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滕真·夏尔巴（Tenjen "Lama" Sherpa）当年7月与挪威登山者克里斯汀·哈里拉在92天内登顶全部14座8000米级山峰，创下最快纪录。
原文引用 3 处
「completing their final 8,000-meter peak in 92 days and becoming the world’s fastest climbers to scale all of the world’s 14 tallest peaks」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
「Tenjen Lama Sherpa had accompanied Kristin Harila on her three-month speed climb of all the 8,000’ers.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「Sherpa recently climbed all 14 8,000-metre mountains in only 92 days with his client Kristin Harilla.」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-09
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两人此前各已登顶13座8000米级山峰，希夏邦马峰是各自的最后一座。
原文引用 3 处
「They each had 13, and had only Shishapangma left to do.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「After each having climbed 13 of the world’s 14 peaks over 8,000 metres」
Alpine Mag · 2023-10-09
「Shishapangma was their final summit.」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
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古图登顶卓奥友峰的日期说法不一：ExplorersWeb 事发当天称是10月4日；Outside 称古图所在的 Elite 与 Imagine Nepal 联合队于10月2日冲顶。
两篇报道相隔数月，Outside 的调查较晚。
原文引用 2 处
「Rzucidlo summited Cho Oyu on October 1, while Gutu summited three days later, on October 4.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「On October 2, the day after Rzucidlo ran into Gutu on Cho Oyu, the Elite and Imagine team pushed for the summit.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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事发前几天，希夏邦马峰高处持续降雪、风很大，中尼边境两侧天气都很恶劣。
原文引用 2 处
「It had been snowing up high for two days, with wind blowing plumes off the summit.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「Recent weather has been rough on both sides of the Tibet-Nepal border」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
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鲁兹奇德洛于10月1日登顶卓奥友峰，随即前往希夏邦马峰。
原文引用 3 处
「She summited Cho Oyu on Oct. 1 and left for Shishapangma right away.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「Rzucidlo summited Cho Oyu on October 1, while Gutu summited three days later, on October 4.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「On October 1, Rzucidlo, Dawa Yangzum, and their Sherpas summited Cho Oyu」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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在定日停留期间，鲁兹奇德洛另向 Seven Summit Treks 公司聘请了滕真随队攀登。
原文引用 2 处
「In a stopover in Tingri, Rzucidlo said she wanted to have a faster sherpa than the ones provided by Climbalaya. She managed to hire Tenjen Lama」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「She paid the company a $30,000 deposit, and Lama arrived in Tingri that evening.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，10月4日下午，鲁兹奇德洛一行徒步抵达希夏邦马峰大本营。
原文引用 1 处
「After Rzucidlo and Dawa Yangzum reached Shishapangma base camp on foot on the afternoon of October 4」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，在大本营，至少有两名登山者向鲁兹奇德洛指出，新雪加大风已形成危险的雪崩条件。
原文引用 1 处
「At least two climbers, including Metcalfe, pointed out to Rzucidlo that the new snow and the wind created dangerous avalanche conditions」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，10月5日，一号营地上方发生一次较大的板状雪崩，埋住一名日本登山者，她被一名夏尔巴救出。
原文引用 1 处
「a large slab avalanche had broken loose above camp one, burying a Japanese climber before a Sherpa rescued her.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，10月6日下午，古图和鲁兹奇德洛两组都到了二号营地。
原文引用 1 处
「By early afternoon on the sixth, Gutu and Rzucidlo’s groups converged at camp two.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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山上曾有多人劝两人合作冲顶，以策安全，但没有成功。
原文引用 2 处
「She implored Lama and Gurung to persuade the two women to cooperate for the summit push, which would be safer for all.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「If only they had collaborated, like so many people on the mountain told them!」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
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据Outside，10月7日凌晨2点48分，Elite 与 Imagine Nepal 联合队（包括古图）从二号营地出发冲顶。
原文引用 1 处
「At 2:48 A.M., according to Metcalfe’s Strava file, the large team, including Gutu, Metcalfe, and 61-year-old Macedonian climber Sasko Kedev, set off for the summit in the cold darkness.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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二号营地以上积雪很深，联合队的夏尔巴轮流在前开路，十分吃力。
原文引用 2 处
「The snow from camp two was deep, and a group of five or six Sherpas formed a paceline of sorts, breaking trail up front and then rotating back.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「It was only us breaking trail, and it was exhausting」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
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鲁兹奇德洛与滕真结绳攀登，以极快的速度超过了联合队；当时没有固定绳，滕真持双镐在前用绳拉着她。
原文引用 2 处
「There was no fixed rope, so [Tenjen] Lama took the lead with two axes and pulled Gina with a rope.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「Roped to one another, they passed the group at what several climbers described as a stunning pace.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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三号营地下方的陡壁上，联合队最终没有完整铺设固定绳。
原文引用 2 处
「After seeing both women apparently climbing without issue up the face, Mingma G says, the Sherpas stopped fixing.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「The team broke the trail but decided not to fix ropes.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
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三号营地以上，两组走了不同的路线；据在场者说，古图一组前往的方向并不是主峰，而是偏向一个假顶。
原文引用 2 处
「We saw it clearly after Camp 3: Anna’s summit was not the top.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「they could see that Gutu was headed up the traditional north- ridge route toward the false summit」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，约上午11点半，古图一组接近假顶后离开山脊，开始横切东北壁前往主峰。
Outside 说明文中时间为西藏时间的大致估计。
原文引用 1 处
「At around 11:30 A.M., Gutu and her group reached a point close to the false summit. There they left the safety of the ridge and began to traverse the northeast face toward the main summit.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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第一次雪崩卷走了古图、明玛和卡尔马·加尔岑三人，古图与明玛遇难，卡尔马受伤但幸存。
原文引用 3 处
「The radios soon reported that Gutu, Karma Gyalzen, and Migmar had been caught in the slide. It soon gave word that Gutu and Migmar were dead.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「They reported by radio that Gutu and Mingmar, who had been roped together, were dead. Karma was alive.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「American climber Anna Gutu and her guide Mingmar Sherpa of Elite Exped were confirmed dead by those at Shishapangma base camp.」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-08
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雪崩发生在海拔约7800米处，遇难者当时都在冲顶途中。
原文引用 3 处
「All the victims were caught in a series of avalanches that struck this morning at 7,800m while they were on their way to the summit.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「According to reports, the avalanche occurred around 7,800 metres.」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-08
「Apparently, two avalanches had gone off at an altitude of around 7,800 meters.」
Abenteuer Berg · 2023-10-07
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据NBC News，雪崩发生时共有52名登山者正在冲顶，分别来自美国、英国、罗马尼亚、阿尔巴尼亚、意大利、日本和巴基斯坦等国。
原文引用 1 处
「On Saturday, a total of 52 climbers were pushing for the summit when the avalanches hit, including from the United States, Britain, Romania, Albania, Italy, Japan and Pakistan.」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
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第一次雪崩后，许多登山者放弃冲顶下撤，明玛·G 等人前往雪崩处救助伤员。
原文引用 2 处
「Most began to descend, while Mingma G, Chhepal, Dawa Yangzum, and several other Sherpas made the roughly 30-minute walk down to the avalanche site to help their injured colleague.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「They abandoned their summit attempt and descended back to Camp 1.」
Abenteuer Berg · 2023-10-07
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第一次雪崩后，鲁兹奇德洛一组仍继续向上攀登。
原文引用 2 处
「Gina Rzucidlo’s group had continued climbing.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「Lama relayed Rzucidlo’s wishes by radio and they pushed on.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，据当天在无线电上的人说，滕真曾向鲁兹奇德洛提出下撤，她没有同意。
原文引用 1 处
「Those who were on the radio that day also agree that Lama told Rzucidlo that they should descend, and that she said no.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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随后第二次雪崩发生，卷走了接近顶峰的鲁兹奇德洛和滕真；同组的卡米·丽塔·夏尔巴幸存。
原文引用 2 处
「Americans Anna Gutu and Gina Marie Rzucidlo were swept away by two avalanches on the slopes of Shishapangma 8027 m. on Saturday 7 October 2023, along with their guides Mingmar Sherpa and Tenjen Sherpa」
Alpine Mag · 2023-10-09
「They saw items in the snow and a person moving, which turned out to be Kami Rita, who was alive and in shock.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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搜救者推测，第二次雪崩越过了至少两条大裂缝，鲁兹奇德洛和滕真可能落入其中一条。
原文引用 1 处
「The second avalanche had run over at least two large crevasses, and the group thought it likely that Rzucidlo and Lama went into one of them.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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卡尔马·加尔岑、卡米·丽塔等多名夏尔巴在雪崩中受伤。
原文引用 2 处
「An unknown number of climbers, including Kami Rita Sherpa, Mitra Bahadur Tamang, and Karma Gyalzen Sherpa, were also injured in the slides.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「three more Sherpas were injured in the avalanche accident: Mingma Gyalje Sherpa, Kami Rita Sherpa and Karma Gyalzen Sherma」
Abenteuer Berg · 2023-10-07
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Imagine Nepal 领队明玛·G 在约7300米处救助卡尔马时滑坠约150米，颅骨骨折。
原文引用 2 处
「I had a 150m fall at 7,300m while rescuing Karma Gyalzen.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「Mingma G would sustain a life-threatening fall of his own, fracturing his skull.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据新京报，西藏自治区体育局通报：7日下午希夏邦马峰发生雪崩，登山者两人遇难、两人失踪、一人重伤。
新京报转发的是新华社拉萨电。
原文引用 1 处
「7日下午西藏希夏邦马峰发生雪崩，登山者有两人遇难、两人失踪、1人重伤。」
新京报 · 2023-10-08
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雪崩当日，鲁兹奇德洛和滕真被列为失踪。
原文引用 2 处
「Fellow American climber Gina Marie Rzucidlo and her Nepalese guide Tenjen Sherpa were declared missing on the same day」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
「Seven Summit Trek‘s Tenjen Sherpa (Lama), who recently completed all 14 8,000-metre mountains in three months, is missing with his client Gina Marie.」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-08
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雪崩后，中国暂停了希夏邦马峰的所有登山活动。
原文引用 2 处
「China has suspended all activities on Shishapangma since two avalanches hit the mountain on Saturday」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
「Soon after, China would close the mountain to climbing and prohibit further recovery efforts.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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西藏没有救援直升机服务，救援只能在地面进行；探险公司曾向中国政府申请从尼泊尔派直升机。
原文引用 2 处
「There is no rescue helicopter service in Tibet. All rescue attempts must be done on the ground.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-07
「expedition agencies are in the process of seeking permission from the Chinese government to deploy helicopters from Nepal.」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-08
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据NBC News，鲁兹奇德洛的家属发布消息称，中国当局已宣布鲁兹奇德洛和滕真死亡。
原文引用 1 处
「The Rzucidlo family wants to share that Chinese authorities have declared my sister Gina and her Sherpa Tenjen Lama as deceased」
NBC News · 2023-10-10
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2024年春，计划中搜寻滕真遗体的行动被取消。
原文引用 2 处
「Earlier this week, Kristin Harila announced the cancellation of a mission to retrieve the body of Tenjen Lama Sherpa, who also died in an avalanche in 2023.」
Everest Chronicle · 2024-05-18
「three weeks after the Shishapangma expeditions and the mission to recover Rzucidlo’s and Lama’s bodies were canceled」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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2024年春希夏邦马峰不对其他外国队开放，普尔贾的团队因知道遇难者的确切位置而获特许上山找回遗体。
原文引用 3 处
「China had closed Shisha Pangma to all other foreign groups this spring.」
ExplorersWeb · 2024-05-18
「Purja’s team was the only one allowed to climb Shishapangma, having been granted special permission to carry out the rescue due to their knowledge of the precise location.」
Everest Chronicle · 2024-05-18
「China had granted special permission for him and a team to recover the bodies of Gutu and Mingmar, because their exact location was known.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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2024年5月，普尔贾带队用三天时间把古图和明玛的遗体运下山，并送到加德满都。
原文引用 2 处
「Purja said the recovery mission took three difficult days. The bodies were conveyed from the mountain to the nearest road, then driven to Kathmandu.」
ExplorersWeb · 2024-05-18
「Earlier this week, we were able to climb Shishapangma, bring them down the mountain, cross the border, and transport them to Kathmandu.」
Everest Chronicle · 2024-05-18
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据Outside，截至2024年中 Outside 报道时，鲁兹奇德洛的遗体仍未找到。
原文引用 1 处
「The fact that Gina’s body remains missing is a cruelty.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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希夏邦马峰海拔8027米，位于西藏，是14座8000米级山峰中最低的一座，但易发雪崩。
原文引用 3 处
「Shishapangma is the smallest of the 14 peaks above 8,000 meters, but it’s avalanche-prone and has claimed lives.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「on the slopes of Shishapangma (8027 metres) in Tibet」
Alpine Mag · 2023-10-09
「the 8,027-meter-high mountain in Tibet」
Abenteuer Berg · 2023-10-07
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33岁的古图是 Elite Exped 公司的客户，由该公司27岁的夏尔巴明玛（Mingmar Sherpa）带领。
原文引用 3 处
「Anna Gutu was a client of his climbing company, Elite Exped, and had been led by one of its Sherpas, 27-year-old Mingmar Sherpa.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
「American climber Anna Gutu and her guide Mingmar Sherpa of Elite Exped」
Onlinekhabar · 2023-10-08
「as a client of expedition operator Elite Exped」
Abenteuer Berg · 2023-10-07
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事后报道指出，鲁兹奇德洛这一方在山上缺少明确的领队，不清楚谁有权让她折返。
原文引用 2 处
「Because driven as she was, it is not clear who Rzucidlo answered to, and who had the authority to make her turn back.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「On Rzucidlo’s side, those expedition leaders were absent.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，向导克里斯·沃纳和拉尔夫·杜伊莫维茨认为，风暴过后太快冲顶，特别是在10月5日那次较小的雪崩之后。
原文引用 1 处
「Guides like Chris Warner and Ralf Dujmovits, both of whom have been climbing in the Himalayas since the eighties, believe that it was too soon after a storm to ascend, especially in the wake of the smaller October 5 avalanche.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据Outside，德国向导杜伊莫维茨分析认为，风暴或大风把雪搬运到北侧坡面，压在下面松散的雪层上，使坡面很容易崩塌。
原文引用 1 处
「When snow gets transported onto that face—either from storms like the one that occurred a few days prior, or from winds like the ones that had bothered the climbers all morning—it buries that sugary layer, resting atop it as if on ball bearings.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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Imagine Nepal 领队明玛·G 认为，两位女性之间的竞争毁了原本顺利的行程；Outside 的调查也认为这场竞争让整个冲顶变得仓促。
原文引用 2 处
「Everything was going smoothly, but the competition between the two ladies ruined everything.」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
「It does seem clear that well before the final hours of the summit push, the competition between Gutu and Rzucidlo contributed to an all-around rush.」
Outside · 2024-06-27
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据ExplorersWeb，美国登山者、医生特蕾西·梅特卡夫认为，这次事故的教训是：死亡地带不是竞争的地方。
原文引用 1 处
「The lesson, while not new, is that the death zone is no place for competition」
ExplorersWeb · 2023-10-10
归途路全球户外事故地图档案
