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据National Geographic，1922年珠峰第一次认真的攀登尝试中，就有7名夏尔巴人死于雪崩。
几条引文出自同一家媒体的不同报道，按一个来源计
原文引用 2 处
「on the first serious attempt of Everest, in 1922, seven Sherpas died in an avalanche.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「since the first serious attempt to climb it by George Mallory and his team in 1922, when seven Sherpas were killed by an avalanche.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
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2012年春季，Himalayan Experience 老板拉塞尔·布赖斯认为昆布冰川和雪崩风险太大，叫停了自己公司的登山队。
原文引用 2 处
「halted his expedition because he felt the Khumbu and the avalanches were simply too dangerous, particularly for his Sherpas.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「In the spring of 2012 Russell Brice, of the guiding company Himex, called off guided ascents run by his company due to safety concerns.」
Wikipedia ·
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据National Geographic，当时的路绳和梯子架在冰川左侧，这条路线冰川内部的危险较少，但直接从西肩悬冰川下方经过。
原文引用 2 处
「Presently the ropes and ladders are strung up the left-hand side of the icefall」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
「but has the distinct disadvantage of passing directly beneath the hanging glaciers that are suspended from the West Shoulder.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
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夏尔巴向导一季收入约3000至6000美元，但出事时保险往往不足。
原文引用 2 处
「They earn $3,000 to $6,000 a season, but their insurance cover is almost always inadequate when accidents happen.」
Al Jazeera · 2014-04-22
「For two month's work with mountain expeditions, Sherpas can earn up to $6,000」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
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据National Geographic，卡吉·夏尔巴被直升机送往加德满都，因肺部刺穿和两根肋骨骨折在医院治疗。
原文引用 1 处
「He was helicoptered to Kathmandu and has been recovering from a punctured lung and two broken ribs」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
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13名遇难者的遗体被找到，另外3人始终未能找到。
国家地理4月24日的伤者采访稿写作两人尚未找到，与其他报道不一致。
原文引用 3 处
「Thirteen bodies have been recovered, and three are permanently entombed in ice.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
「While 13 bodies have been recovered, the three others are buried under heavy snow and ice.」
AP · 2014-04-30
「Three of their bodies were never recovered.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
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据National Geographic，登山家康拉德·安克认为，穿越昆布冰川「本质上就是俄罗斯轮盘赌」，无处可逃。
原文引用 1 处
「"It's essentially a game of Russian roulette," says Anker. "There is nowhere to run, nowhere to hide."」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
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向导们向政府发出最后通牒，要求提高抚恤、修改保险赔付并设立福利基金，否则取消珠峰所有攀登。
原文引用 3 处
「The guides had threatened to cancel all climbing on Mount Everest and issued an ultimatum to the government, demanding higher compensation, an agreement to revise insurance payments and a welfare fund.」
Al Jazeera · 2014-04-22
「have threatened to call off the climbing season a week from now unless the government of Nepal agrees to provide better insurance, better pay, and better relief funds for the families of the dead and injured.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
「They included an improvement in insurance payouts and a relief fund from mountain royalties.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
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据National Geographic，失去三名夏尔巴向导的 Adventure Consultants 宣布退出当季攀登；探索频道取消了原定从珠峰峰顶播出节目的计划。
原文引用 2 处
「Adventure Consultants, a climbing outfit that lost three Sherpas in the disaster, officially announced it was pulling out for this climbing season」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
「Discovery Channel has canceled plans to air a show from the summit of Everest」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
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到4月下旬，大多数登山队已放弃攀登并撤离大本营。
原文引用 2 处
「By 24 April, almost all expeditions had decided to abandon their climbing plans」
Wikipedia ·
「Most of the expedition teams have left the mountain while the rest are packing their bags and gear in the base camp.」
AP · 2014-04-30
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这场事故引发劳资纠纷，珠峰随之出现前所未有的停摆，当季攀登关闭。
原文引用 2 处
「This triggered a labour dispute which a week later led to the mountain being closed for climbing.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「The disaster triggered an unprecedented shutdown of the 8,848-metre mountain」
AFP · 2015-04-18
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据Mark Horrell，美国登山协会设立的基金在4月底前为遇难者家属筹得5万美元。
原文引用 1 处
「A fund set up by the American Alpine Club had raised $50,000 before the end of April.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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2014年4月18日清晨，珠穆朗玛峰南侧的昆布冰川发生冰崩。
原文引用 3 处
「a huge chunk of ice fell off Everest’s West Shoulder, triggering an avalanche which swept across the entire width of the Icefall.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「The Sherpas were killed in the notorious Khumbu Icefall by an avalanche that fell from the hanging glaciers along the West Shoulder.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「The avalanche hit a group of Sherpas who were hauling gear up the mountain on the morning of 18 April 2014」
AFP · 2015-04-18
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冰崩发生的时刻说法不一：马克·霍雷尔、国家地理后续报道和BBC（经UIAA转引）记为当地时间约6时45分；国家地理首发报道和对伤者的采访记为约6时30分。
都是约略时间，差别可能来自不同目击者的估计。
原文引用 3 处
「At approximately 6.45am on Friday 18 April, 2014」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「the avalanche struck around 06:45 local time (01:00 GMT)」
UIAA · 2014-04-24
「occurred Friday morning at approximately 6:30 (Nepal time) on the south side of the world's highest peak.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
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冰崩源自珠峰西肩悬冰川上一块巨大冰塔的崩落。
原文引用 2 处
「It was the collapse of a gigantic serac from these hanging glaciers that caused the recent tragedy.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
「The ice avalanche came from a large serac breaking off on the slopes of Mount Everest's western shoulder.」
Wikipedia ·
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冰崩扫过昆布冰川海拔约5800米处、一个被称为「爆米花地」的区域，就在大本营上方。
UIAA 此处转引 BBC 报道。
原文引用 2 处
「the avalanche swept across the Khumbu Icefall at about 19,000 feet (5,800 meters), in an area called the "popcorn field,"」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「in an area known as the “popcorn field”, just above Everest base camp at 5,800m (19,000ft).」
UIAA · 2014-04-24
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遇难者当时正在为客户登山者运送物资上山。
原文引用 2 处
「The Sherpas were ferrying loads for the client climbers when the accident occurred.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「as they heaved heavy equipment up the treacherous high-altitude Khumbu icefall in the freezing dark.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
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据官员说法，这批向导清晨上山，是为登山季架设路绳、准备路线。
UIAA 此处转引美联社引述的官员说法。
原文引用 2 处
「The Sherpa guides had climbed up the slope early in the morning to fix ropes for climbers and prepare the route for mountaineers when the avalanche hit」
UIAA · 2014-04-24
「The group was fixing ropes and preparing the South Col route for fee-paying climbers during the upcoming climbing season.」
Wikipedia ·
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据Mark Horrell，冰川中一处陡坡路段的梯子移位，造成拥堵，冰崩时有四五十名夏尔巴人在梯子上方等待下行。
原文引用 2 处
「A ladder had fallen out of position at a steep section of the route through the Icefall, causing a bottleneck.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「At that moment 40 or 50 Sherpas were standing above the ladder in the path of the avalanche, waiting to come down.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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据Wikipedia，向导们清晨出发，但途中因攀爬条件不佳而耽搁。
原文引用 1 处
「The Sherpas had started out in early morning but were delayed by poor climbing conditions.」
Wikipedia ·
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据Mark Horrell，当天早晨昆布冰川里有多达约100人。
原文引用 1 处
「There were as many as 100 people in the Khumbu Icefall that morning.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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被冰崩波及的约有20至25人，大多是夏尔巴人。
原文引用 2 处
「the 20 to 25 Nepali mountaineers caught in that deadly avalanche.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
「Twenty-five men, mostly Sherpas, were buried in the avalanche.」
Wikipedia ·
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据National Geographic，冰塔崩落时，幸存者卡吉·夏尔巴来不及躲避，被冰块冲倒、半埋；他身后聚在一起攀爬的夏尔巴人几乎都不见了。
原文引用 2 处
「Kaji looked up, but before he could move, he was thrown down and half buried by a crushing weight of ice.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
「Almost everyone behind him, a group of Sherpas who had bunched up in the climb, had disappeared.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
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据AFP，向导达瓦·塔希·夏尔巴被冰崩冲下约10米，肋部、左肩胛和鼻子受伤。
原文引用 1 处
「The force of the avalanche tossed Dawa Tashi about 10 metres (33 feet) down, injuring his rib cage, left shoulder blade and nose.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
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这次冰崩共造成16人遇难，遇难者全部是尼泊尔人，没有外国登山者遇难。
原文引用 4 处
「In all 16 people died that day.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「No Western climbers died. Almost all of those who perished were Sherpas.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
「The accident, which killed 16 Nepali guides on April 18, 2014」
AFP · 2024-04-15
「No foreigners were killed.」
Wikipedia ·
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据Wikipedia，另有9名向导受伤，其中3人需要重症监护。
原文引用 1 处
「Nine other guides were also injured, including three who required intensive-care hospitalisation.」
Wikipedia ·
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这是当时珠峰登山史上死亡人数最多的单次事故。
原文引用 3 处
「It was the worst single tragedy in the history of mountaineering on Everest.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「in the deadliest single day in Everest climbing history.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
「The avalanche was the deadliest disaster on the world's highest mountain.」
AP · 2014-04-30
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据Mark Horrell，国际登山向导公司（IMG）的一队西方客户当时也在冰川中，离出事地点只有约15分钟路程。
原文引用 1 处
「a team of western clients from International Mountain Guides (IMG) were climbing through the Icefall at the time and just 15 minutes away from the tragedy」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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据Mark Horrell，已适应海拔的夏尔巴人和西方向导上到事发地，有人带梯子修复路线，有人带铲子协助寻找遇难者。
原文引用 2 处
「Those who were already acclimatised to the altitude, including Sherpas and western guides, headed up to the avalanche site.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「Some took ladders to restore the route, and others took spades to help retrieve the fallen.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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据Mark Horrell，上午10时左右，直升机开始把遇难者和伤者运回大本营，喜马拉雅救援协会的大本营诊所设了急救室。
原文引用 1 处
「At around 10am helicopters began arriving to bring down the dead and injured to Base Camp, where an emergency room had been set up at the Himalayan Rescue Association’s Everest Base Camp Medical Clinic.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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马克·霍雷尔推测，他的队伍如果早两个小时出发，可能也会被冰崩卷走。
原文引用 1 处
「Had we set off two hours earlier we may well have been swept away.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
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据Wikipedia，约48小时后，搜救行动以「风险太大」为由停止。
原文引用 1 处
「Thirteen bodies were recovered as of 48 hours later, when search and rescue operations were called off due to "too much risk".」
Wikipedia ·
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事发后不久，尼泊尔政府宣布给每户遇难者家属4万尼泊尔卢比（约400美元），只够丧葬费用，引起夏尔巴群体不满。
原文引用 3 处
「Two days after the tragedy the Government of Nepal announced they would provide 40,000 Nepalese rupees (around $400 USD) to each of the families of the deceased.」
Mark Horrell · 2014-05-16
「The government initially announced giving 40,000 rupees ($415) to the family members, which angered the Sherpa community.」
AP · 2014-04-30
「Soon after the 2014 accident, it pledged $400 to the families of those killed to cover funeral expenses.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
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4月22日，夏尔巴向导宣布为纪念遇难同伴停止当年余下的攀登工作。
原文引用 2 处
「We had a long meeting this afternoon and we decided to stop our climbing this year to honour our fallen brothers. All Sherpas are united in this,」
Al Jazeera · 2014-04-22
「On 22 April, the Sherpas announced they would not work on Everest for the rest of 2014 out of respect for the victims.」
Wikipedia ·
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尼泊尔政府随后宣布再给每户遇难者家属50万尼泊尔卢比。
原文引用 2 处
「The government later said it would provide another 500,000 rupees (5,210) for the families」
AP · 2014-04-30
「On 23 April, the Nepalese government announced it would give an additional 500,000 Nepali Rs.」
Wikipedia ·
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未找到遗体的人数说法不一：国家地理4月24日的伤者采访稿说两人尚未找到；国家地理4月20日报道及美联社、法新社说是三人。
原文引用 2 处
「Two of the climbers have yet to be recovered from the ice」
National Geographic · 2014-04-24
「Thirteen bodies have been recovered, and three are permanently entombed in ice.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-20
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据National Geographic，国家地理制图师比对4月7日和4月26日的两张卫星影像，确认了崩落冰体原来的位置。
原文引用 1 处
「superimposed two satellite photos of Everest—one from April 7, 2014, and the other from April 26, 2014—on top of one another.」
National Geographic · 2014-10-17
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据国家地理的粗略估算，崩落冰塔高约34.5米，重约1430万公斤。
维基百科的数字引自国家地理同一估算，并非独立测量。
原文引用 2 处
「It was 113 feet (34.5 meters) high and weighed as much as 657 fully loaded Greyhound buses, about 31.5 million pounds (14.3 million kilograms).」
National Geographic · 2014-10-17
「The serac was estimated to have been 34.5 meters (113 ft) thick and to have had a mass of 14.3 million kilograms」
Wikipedia ·
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事故后尼泊尔调整了传统攀登路线；2015年2月，当局宣布改走冰川中部的新路线。
原文引用 2 处
「the Nepali authorities announced in February 2015 that a new route, up the centre of the icefall, would be followed instead.」
Wikipedia ·
「Following the disaster, Nepal altered the traditional climbing route to the peak in a bid to boost safety and allay concerns.」
AFP · 2015-04-18
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据AFP，一周年当天，各登山队停止攀登一天以示悼念，尼泊尔政府宣布设立登山事故受害者福利基金。
原文引用 2 处
「All teams here have decided not to climb today to mourn the friends we lost last year,」
AFP · 2015-04-18
「To provide more security, the government today announced the creation of a welfare fund to support victims of mountaineering accidents.」
AFP · 2015-04-18
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一年后，2015年4月25日尼泊尔地震在珠峰南侧引发雪崩，死亡人数超过这次冰崩。
原文引用 2 处
「In 2015, a powerful earthquake triggered an avalanche that killed 18 people at Everest's base camp before the climbing season began.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
「only superseded by avalanches that struck the southern side of the mountain the following year, on 25 April 2015」
Wikipedia ·
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据AFP，此后遇难向导的保险赔付提高到150万尼泊尔卢比，直升机也被允许向高营地运送物资，减少向导穿越冰川的次数。
原文引用 2 处
「The insurance payout was increased to 1.5 million Nepali rupees ($11,250) if someone is killed.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
「Helicopters are now allowed to fly in supplies to higher camps, decreasing the number of trips Nepalis make across the treacherous Khumbu icefall.」
AFP · 2024-04-15
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据National Geographic，冰塔崩落的确切诱因至今不明。
原文引用 1 处
「The avalanche's exact trigger remains unknown.」
National Geographic · 2014-10-17
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据National Geographic，客户登山者一个季节通常只穿越昆布冰川六到八次，而夏尔巴向导一季可能要穿越30到40次。
原文引用 2 处
「a Sherpa can easily make the mortal trek 30 to 40 times in a season.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「Whereas a paying climber may pass through the Khumbu only six to eight times while climbing Everest」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
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穿越昆布冰川通常在凌晨进行，趁气温升高、冰体松动之前通过。
原文引用 2 处
「Crossing through the Khumbu is usually done at night via headlamp, between 2 a.m. and 5 a.m.」
National Geographic · 2014-04-19
「usually in the very early morning before temperatures rise and loosen the ice.」
Wikipedia ·
归途路全球户外事故地图档案
