-
斯科特率领的英国南极探险队于1910年出发，希望成为第一支抵达南极点的队伍。
原文引用 3 处
「Scott launched the British Antarctic Expedition in 1910」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
「Scott hoped that his party would be the first to reach the geographic South Pole」
Eton College · 2019-09-18
「Captain Robert Scott and four others hoped to be the first to reach the South Pole」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
1910年9月探险船Terra Nova号停靠澳大利亚墨尔本时，斯科特才收到阿蒙森的电报，得知挪威队也将前往南极。
原文引用 2 处
「He was not told of Amundsen's attempt until he received a telegram from Amundsen in September 1910 when the Terra Nova was in Melbourne, Australia.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「he shocked the world and Robert Falcon Scott with a telegram unveiling his secret intention」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
-
南下途中沿线设置食物补给站供极点队返程使用，支援小队在接近极点的过程中分批折返。
原文引用 2 处
「they laid depots of food and supplies to be used by those going to the pole during their return journey, and turned back in small groups as they got closer to the pole」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「The support teams traveled as far as Polar Plateau taking the sledge dogs with them.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
-
1911年11月1日，斯科特从罗斯岛出发，沿沙克尔顿开辟的比尔德莫尔冰川路线前往南极点。
原文引用 2 处
「set out from Ross Island on November 1, 1911, following the Beardmore Glacier route trailblazed by Shackleton」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
「He set off on the 1st of November 1911 with sixteen men」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
阿蒙森一队先于斯科特约一个月抵达南极点，日期说法不一：Live Science和Cool Antarctica说是1911年12月14日，PBS NOVA说是12月15日。
原文引用 3 处
「Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen had gotten there first, on Dec. 14, 1911」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「about a month after Amundsen's party had reached the Pole on the 14th of December 1911」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「His team set out on October 19 with four men and 52 dogs and arrived at the Pole on December 15.」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
-
斯科特原计划极点队为四人，最后时刻决定让鲍尔斯加入，按四人准备的口粮和燃料要供五人使用。
原文引用 2 处
「This meant that all the planned rations and fuel for four now needed to supply five」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「With five men sharing rations meant for four」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
-
极点队五人是斯科特、威尔逊、鲍尔斯、奥茨和埃文斯；最后约150英里由他们自己拖着雪橇前进。
原文引用 2 处
「Scott, E. Wilson, Lt H.R. Bowers, Capt. L.E.G. Oates and Petty officer E. Evans traveled the last 150 miles to the pole hauling their own sledges」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「Oates, Bowers, Scott, Wilson, Evans.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
斯科特一行抵达南极点的日期说法不一：PBS NOVA和伊顿公学档案说是1912年1月17日；Cool Antarctica说是1月18日；Columbia CCNMTL说是1月16日。
各来源记的可能分别是发现挪威人痕迹、抵达极点和在阿蒙森帐篷留影的日子。
原文引用 4 处
「They arrived at the Pole on January 17, 1912」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
「On 17 January 1912, the British party arrived at the Pole」
Eton College · 2019-09-18
「They reached the Pole on the 18th of January 1912.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「Scott and his four companions reached the south pole on January 16, 1912」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
-
1912年1月16日，队伍发现挪威人已先到达南极点；斯科特在日记中写道这是可怕的失望，并为忠诚的同伴感到难过。
原文引用 2 处
「On Jan. 16, after a two-and-a-half month slog across a glacier, over the Transantarctic Mountains, and through blinding snow, the team discovered they'd been beaten to the South Pole.」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「It is a terrible disappointment, and I am very sorry for my loyal companions.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
返程途中，队伍遭遇极其恶劣的天气，同时口粮不足，并受冻伤困扰。
原文引用 2 处
「Scott and his companions met horrific weather conditions on the return journey.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「During the return journey, the men faced treacherous weather conditions along with a lack of adequate food」
Eton College · 2019-09-18
-
据SPRI，斯科特写道，返程经过比尔德莫尔冰川时没有遇到一个完全晴好的日子。
原文引用 1 处
「on our return we did not get a single completely fine day」
SPRI ·
-
埃德加·埃文斯在冰川的乱冰区受了脑震荡，于1912年2月17日去世，是极点队中第一个去世的人。
THE 转述所罗门的看法，认为埃文斯可能死于脑水肿。
原文引用 4 处
「we got into frightfully rough ice and Edgar Evans received a concussion of the brain」
SPRI ·
「Edgar Evans died on the 17th of Feb 1912」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「Evans was the first to die suffering from a concussion.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「the death of Edgar Evans (because of a cerebral oedema, suggests Solomon)」
THE · 2002-01-18
-
从1912年2月24日前后起，队伍在沿途补给站找到的燃料都比预期少，斯科特在信中说无法解释燃料为何短缺。
原文引用 2 处
「From this date onwards, Scott's party had less fuel at each depot than they had expected」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「a shortage of fuel in our depÙts for which I cannot account」
SPRI ·
-
据SPRI，斯科特记录，在南纬82°的罗斯冰架上，白天气温常在-30°、夜间-47°，行进时一直顶着逆风。
原文引用 1 处
「On the Barrier in lat. 82º, 10,000 feet lower, we had -30º in the day, -47º at night pretty regularly, with continuous head wind during our day marches.」
SPRI ·
-
后人研究认为，2月下旬至3月中旬冰架上的气温明显低于往常：Cool Antarctica称每日最低气温比正常低10至20华氏度；THE转述所罗门的研究称冰架与开普埃文斯基地的温差是通常的两倍。
原文引用 2 处
「The daily minima from late February until the final camp were an additional -10 to -20F below what would normally be expected in that area at that time of year.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「in the critical period from late-February to mid-March, when temperatures on the barrier were 38F lower than temperatures at the expedition's coastal base at Cape Evans, double the usual differential」
THE · 2002-01-18
-
据THE，所罗门的研究认为，气温低于-20华氏度时雪面变得像砂纸一样，拖雪橇越来越困难；在这段时间里，奥茨和斯科特先后因脚部冻伤而行动受限。
原文引用 2 处
「Below - 20F, sledging becomes increasingly difficult, as ice takes on the characteristics of sandpaper.」
THE · 2002-01-18
「frost-bitten feet crippled first Oates and then Scott in this critical period」
THE · 2002-01-18
-
奥茨因冻伤无法继续行进，为了不拖累同伴，独自走出帐篷进入暴风雪，此后再也没有出现；斯科特记下了他的话：「我只是出去一下，可能要过一会儿。」
原文引用 3 处
「He said, 'I am just going outside and may be some time.' He went out into the blizzard and we have not seen him since」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「Unable to continue marching due to his frostbitten feet, Oates walked to his death in a blizzard.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「He didn’t want to slow them down and left the camp and walked into a blizzard, he wasn’t seen again.」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
-
奥茨走出帐篷的日期说法不一：伊顿公学档案说是3月16日；Cool Antarctica说是3月17日。
Live Science 称斯科特在3月16日的日记里记下此事。
原文引用 2 处
「On 16 March, Oates left the tent, walking out into a blizzard.」
Eton College · 2019-09-18
「Captain Lawrence Oates "The Soldier" had walked out of the tent to his death on the 17th of March」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
最后营地距离一吨补给站只有约11英里（约18公里）。
原文引用 4 处
「their last camp was 11 miles from the One Ton Depot」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「unable to continue toward a cache of food at a pre-established depot only 11 miles (18 kilometers) away」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「just 18 kilometers from a food depot called One Ton」
Polar Journal ·
「We arrived within 11 miles of our old One Ton Camp with fuel for one last meal and food for two days.」
SPRI ·
-
持续的暴风雪把三人困在帐篷里，无法继续向补给站前进。
原文引用 3 处
「Due to the continuing blizzard, they were unable to continue traveling.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「For more than a week, a raging storm had kept the trio holed up in their tent on the Antarctic ice sheet」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「For four days we have been unable to leave the tent – the gale howling about us.」
SPRI ·
-
三人很快耗尽了食物和燃料，身体越来越虚弱，最终无法离开帐篷。
原文引用 2 处
「They soon ran out of food and fuel.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「they ran out of both food and fuel becoming weaker until they could no longer leave the tent」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
据SPRI，斯科特在最后营地写下《致公众书》，认为这场灾难不是组织不当，而是冒必要风险时遭遇的不幸。
原文引用 1 处
「The causes of the disaster are not due to faulty organisation, but to misfortune in all risks which had to be undertaken.」
SPRI ·
-
斯科特、威尔逊和鲍尔斯于1912年3月下旬在帐篷中死于饥饿和严寒。
原文引用 2 处
「died in their tent in late March 1912 of exposure and starvation」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
「Scott, Wilson, and Bowers died of starvation and exposure.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
-
推测：斯科特可能是三人中最后去世的。
原文引用 2 处
「It seems that he was the last of the three to die.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「Scott apparently died after his companions did.」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
-
斯科特日记中3月21日至29日持续九天的最后一场暴风雪是否真实存在说法不一：所罗门在书中否定了九天暴风雪的可能；大气科学家米拉·津科娃的新研究认为最后的暴风雪很可能就像斯科特描述的那样。
原文引用 2 处
「the final chapter dismisses the possibility of the nine-day blizzard, which Scott's journal claimed had kept the explorers tent-bound before their deaths」
THE · 2002-01-18
「shows that “the final blizzard probably unfolded as Scott described it.”」
Polar Journal ·
-
1912年3月初，樱桃-加勒德带着狗队和德米特里赶到一吨补给站，希望接应返程的极点队；他在补给站一直等到3月10日。
原文引用 2 处
「he led a dog team to One-Ton Depot in early March 1912, hoping to meet the party on its return」
THE · 2002-01-18
「Cherry-Garrard remained at One Ton Depot until the 10th of March」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
樱桃-加勒德的口粮将尽、同伴称病，他没有继续南下，于3月10日前后返回基地。
原文引用 2 处
「With his supplies almost exhausted, and his companion, Dimitri Gerof, complaining of illness, Cherry turned for home.」
THE · 2002-01-18
「when he had no further rations to stay any longer and returned to the expedition base」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
据Cool Antarctica，斯科特、威尔逊和鲍尔斯于1912年3月19日最后一次扎营。
原文引用 1 处
「They had made camp for the last time ten days earlier on the 19th of March.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
据Polar Journal，开普埃文斯基地的记录显示，1912年3月19日起一场大风持续了54小时，3月24日风力再起并持续了3天10小时。
原文引用 1 处
「On March 19, at Cape Evans, an initial gale set in and lasted 54 hours. On March 23, the wind dropped and changed direction, before picking up again on March 24 for 3 days and 10 hours.」
Polar Journal ·
-
据Live Science，斯科特3月22日的日记写道，暴风雪依旧，威尔逊和鲍尔斯无法出发，燃料已用完，食物只剩一两天的量。
原文引用 1 处
「"Blizzard bad as ever," Scott wrote a week earlier, on March 22, 1912. "Wilson and Bowers unable to start. Tomorrow last chance. No fuel and only one or two of food left」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
-
斯科特的最后一篇日记写于1912年3月29日，结尾写道「看在上帝的分上，照顾好我们的人」。
原文引用 3 处
「On Thursday, March 29, Scott recorded his final entry:」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「The last entry in Scott's diary was on the 29th of March 1912」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「with the last entry saying “For God’s sake look after our people.”」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
-
推测：一般认为斯科特在最后一篇日记的3月29日前后去世，但无法确定具体日期。
原文引用 1 处
「it is assumed but not certain that this was the date on which he died」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
搜救队把遗体留在原地，用帐篷布覆盖，在上面堆起雪冢，并用滑雪板做成十字架作标记。
原文引用 3 处
「They then built a cairn of snow on top of them before making a cross out of skis to place on top.」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
「The searchers covered the tent with snow, marked it with a cross made from skis, and left the dead men where they lay.」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「The tent poles were removed and the bodies covered by the tent fabric」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
近八个月后的1912年11月12日，搜救队在罗斯冰架上找到半埋在雪中的帐篷和斯科特、威尔逊、鲍尔斯三人的遗体。
原文引用 3 处
「found in the tent nearly eight months later on the 12th of November 1912」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「Eight months later, in November 1912, a search party found three frozen bodies in a tent half-buried by snow.」
Live Science · 2012-03-29
「The group found the tent and the bodies of Scott, Bowers and Wilson inside.」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
-
据FSJ，搜救队找到了斯科特的日记，日记记录了他们最后的日子。
原文引用 1 处
「Scott’s diary was found and recorded the final days of the men.」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
-
斯科特主要依靠西伯利亚矮种马和两台机动雪橇运输，没有以雪橇犬为主；队员驾狗经验不足，更倾向于人力拖拽雪橇。
原文引用 3 处
「Scott decided to rely mainly on Siberian ponies and two motor sledges rather than sledge dogs.」
Columbia CCNMTL ·
「Novice dog drivers, the team favored manhauling—pulling sledges themselves.」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
「He also took dog teams, though didn't train his men sufficiently in their use and didn't use them as much as he could.」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
南下途中，一场大风在南纬83°附近把队伍困在帐篷里四天，消耗了口粮和燃料。
原文引用 3 处
「the long gale in 83º S., stopped us」
SPRI ·
「the one that pinned Scott down in the tent for 4 days on the way to the pole, consuming rations and fuel」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「an unusually wet blizzard kept Scott tent-bound for four days」
THE · 2002-01-18
-
据Cool Antarctica，五人中只有鲍尔斯没有滑雪板，只能在软雪中步行。
原文引用 1 处
「though Bowers didn't have skis, the other four had them as planned but he had to trudge through deep soft snow by walking」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
据Cool Antarctica，后人估算，队伍的口粮去程每人每天约4500千卡、返程约3800千卡，而他们每天消耗约7000千卡，相当于长期慢性饥饿。
原文引用 2 处
「provided about 4,500 kilocalories per man per day on the way to the Pole and about 3,800 on the return journey」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
「We now know that they were expending in the region of 7,000 kilocalories per day」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
据Cool Antarctica，补给站燃料减少与存放在那里的燃料罐泄漏有关。
原文引用 1 处
「fuel that was already running out in the latter stages as canisters in depots had leaked」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
樱桃-加勒德此后一生都为没有从补给站继续向南接应而自责。
原文引用 2 处
「Cherry was tormented by the belief that he should have pressed on from the depot to try to save them.」
THE · 2002-01-18
「held himself responsible for the rest of his life for not going further south when Scott was so close」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
-
据FSJ，墓地已被积雪覆盖，并因积雪重压逐渐下沉进冰中。
原文引用 1 处
「The grave site itself is now covered in drifting snow and has been moving downward into the ice due to the weight of accumulating snow.」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
-
据FSJ，罗斯岛南端麦克默多站附近的观察山上后来建起了斯科特一行的永久纪念碑。
原文引用 1 处
「A permanent memorial to Scott and his men has since been erected on Observation Hill near McMurdo Station」
FSJ · 2022-11-02
-
据PBS NOVA，队伍遇难时还带着约30磅地质样本。
原文引用 1 处
「Scott's team was carrying 30 pounds of geological samples when they died.」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
-
科学家苏珊·所罗门在《最冷的三月》中认为，异常恶劣的天气是极点队遇难的主要原因。
原文引用 2 处
「Solomon argues instead that unseasonably adverse weather conditions were the primary cause of the deaths of Scott, Bowers, Oates and Wilson.」
THE · 2002-01-18
「attesting, through atmospheric studies, that his shattering failure was indeed due to abysmal climatic circumstances」
Polar Journal ·
-
坏血病在这次遇难中起了多大作用说法不一：PBS NOVA和伊顿公学档案说队员饱受坏血病折磨；THE转述的所罗门研究和Cool Antarctica则认为他们吃雪橇口粮的时间还不足以让坏血病充分发展。
原文引用 4 处
「the party was ravaged by malnutrition, scurvy, snowblindness, exhaustion, and injury」
PBS NOVA · 2002-03-26
「the ravages of scurvy and frostbite」
Eton College · 2019-09-18
「in modern tests, subjects develop scurvy only when deprived of vitamin C for between 19 and 30 weeks」
THE · 2002-01-18
「The length of time the party were exclusively eating sledging rations was not enough to develop scurvy fully」
Cool Antarctica · 2007-08-22
归途路全球户外事故地图档案
