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威尔科克斯登山队由来自犹他州、24 岁的乔·威尔科克斯（Joe Wilcox）带领，原有 9 人。
原文引用 3 处
「The Wilcox Expedition was nine young men, led by 24-year-old Joe Wilcox from Utah.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
「The Wilcox expedition, led by 24-year-old Joe Wilcox from Utah, was the first of the two teams attempting the Muldrow Glacier route.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「a nine-man team led by Joe Wilcox」
AAC · 1982
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另一支由霍华德·斯奈德（Howard Snyder）带领的科罗拉多登山队计划同期走同一路线，这支队伍登山经验更丰富。
原文引用 2 处
「Snyder and his partners had more mountaineering experience and had climbed at higher altitudes.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Snyder’s Colorado team had the edge in experience and cohesiveness.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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据Explorersweb，据报道，威尔科克斯队员都具备基本登山技能，但此前没有登上过 4550 米以上的高度。
原文引用 1 处
「They all had basic mountaineering skills but hadn’t climbed higher than 4,550m.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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当时国家公园管理局规定，登山队至少要有 4 人。
原文引用 3 处
「NPS rules stated there should be at least four members in an expedition group.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「To climb Denali in 1967, teams had to consist of at least four members to be granted access by the National Park Service.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「That put them below the minimum the [National] Park Service required to climb.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
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合并后的队伍走的是穆尔德罗冰川—卡斯滕斯山脊（Muldrow Glacier–Karstens Ridge）老路线。
原文引用 3 处
「Two expeditions, the Colorado Mount McKinley and the Wilcox McKinley expeditions, joined to climb the Karsten’s Ridge route.」
AAC · 1968
「two teams aimed to summit via the remote Muldrow Glacier route」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「The story is of a climb up the Muldrow Glacier that combined two separate groups」
AAC · 1982
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找到的 3 具遗体都未能确认身份，其余 4 人始终没有找到。
原文引用 3 处
「No identifications were made.」
AAC · 1968
「The other four climbers were never located.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「(Only three bodies were ever found.)」
AAC · 1982
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当时没有能飞到高海拔的直升机，找到的遗体只能留在山上。
原文引用 2 处
「There was no high-altitude helicopter back then, so they had to leave them on the mountain.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
「The three bodies were left on the mountain.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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事故后国家公园管理局曾想关闭这座山的攀登，时任公园负责人乔治·霍尔（George Hall）争取让山继续开放。
原文引用 2 处
「the Park Service had wanted to close it after the incident.」
Outside · 2014-08-20
「George Hall successfully advocated for keeping the mountain open when the government threatened to shut it down for good」
Peninsula Clarion · 2014-10-30
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出发前，科罗拉多队有一名队员遭遇车祸受伤，队伍人数低于公园规定的下限。
原文引用 3 处
「one of their members had a car accident and broke his arm, which left only three guys.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
「the team was reduced to three when Steve Lewis broke his arm in a car accident.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「but that person was injured in a car accident just prior to departure to the mountain.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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科罗拉多队减员人数说法不一：国家地理和 Explorersweb 说是一人车祸骨折、剩下三人；Peninsula Clarion 的报道说有两名队员临时退出。
原文引用 2 处
「one of their members had a car accident and broke his arm, which left only three guys.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
「A group from Colorado had two members back out at the last second」
Peninsula Clarion · 2014-10-30
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在国家公园管理局的推动下，两支队伍合并为一支 12 人的队伍，由威尔科克斯任队长。
原文引用 3 处
「The merger occurred on June 22, and Wilcox took command of the 12-person team.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Forced by the park service to join teams with a less-organized yet equally ambitious Seattle team」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「Park officials forced two separate expeditions to act as one」
WildSnow · 2015-04-09
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据Peninsula Clarion，据报道，攀登途中曾有炉具起火烧毁一个睡袋，也有队员掉进冰裂缝后被救出。
原文引用 2 处
「A stove fire instantly incinerated a climber’s sleeping bag halfway through the trip.」
Peninsula Clarion · 2014-10-30
「A glacial traverse resulted in a fall into a crevasse, followed fortunately by a successful rescue」
Peninsula Clarion · 2014-10-30
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高营海拔说法不一：AAC 记为 17,900 英尺，Explorersweb 记为 5456 米（约合 17,900 英尺）；Boulder Weekly 记为 19,000 英尺。
原文引用 3 处
「A seventh member, Steve Taylor, had remained at their 17,900-foot camp, feeling slightly ill.」
AAC · 1968
「started a summit push from their high camp at 5,456m.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「By the time the 12 climbers had reached high camp at 19,000 feet」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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事前是否收到暴风预警说法不一：Explorersweb 说有报道称公园巡护员曾提醒威尔科克斯有暴风将至；《White Winds》书评说，威尔科克斯整理的无线电记录显示队伍从未收到暴风警报。
原文引用 2 处
「Park rangers reportedly warned Wilcox of an approaching storm.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Wilcox’s documentation of radio logs discloses that at no time was a storm alert given the party」
AAC · 1982
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据描述，这场暴风是南边的高压和北边的潮湿低压相撞形成的。
两处说法可能都出自 Andy Hall 的研究。
原文引用 2 处
「A wet low came in from the north, and these two systems clashed.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
「A high-pressure system from the south clashed with a moist low-pressure system from the north」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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暴风持续时间说法不一：国家地理、Outside 和 Explorersweb 说约 7 天（Explorersweb 说到 7 月 25 日）；Boulder Weekly 说超过 10 天；《White Winds》书评说威尔科克斯研究的是 7 月 18 日至 26 日的暴风。
原文引用 4 处
「The storm lasted for about seven days.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
「It would last seven days, to July 25.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Punishing the mountain for more than 10 days」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「the storm that affected the McKinley region during that period of July 18 to 26, 1967」
AAC · 1982
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峰顶附近风速的估计说法不一：Explorersweb 说是每小时 160–240 公里、静风气温零下 26 摄氏度；国家地理采访中 Andy Hall 说有的阵风估计超过每小时 300 英里。
原文引用 2 处
「Near the summit, the wind was 160–240kph, with still-air temperatures of -26ºC.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Some of the winds are estimated to have been over 300 miles per hour.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
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低营的 5 人挤在一顶三人帐篷里，在大风中靠挤在一起保暖熬过暴风。
原文引用 2 处
「sitting at 15,000 in a three-man tent with five guys packed into it, with 100 mph winds pummeling down on them.」
Outside · 2014-08-20
「They tried to stay warm by huddling together.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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高处的 7 人全部遇难：杰里·克拉克、史蒂夫·泰勒、丹尼斯·卢赫特汉德、马克·麦克劳克林、汉克·詹斯、约翰·拉塞尔和沃尔特·泰勒。
原文引用 4 处
「Jerry Clark (31), Steve Taylor (22), Dennis Luchterhand (24), Mark McLaughlin (23), Hank Janes (25), John Russell (23), and Walt Taylor (24) all died.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Seven members of the latter died high on the mountain.」
AAC · 1968
「killing seven of the 12 college students who were summiting the mountain that day.」
Outside · 2014-08-20
「Only five of the men would make it home from North America's highest peak.」
CSMonitor · 2014-07-03
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低营的 5 人在暴风过后安全下山，据 AAC 记录他们只有疲惫和轻度冻伤。
原文引用 3 处
「They were also struck by the storm, but escaped with exhaustion and minor frostbite.」
AAC · 1968
「The five climbers at the lower camp made it down alive after the storm ended.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「the five men lower on the peak — the three Coloradans and two Seattle climbers — were able to escape alive.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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暴风期间天气恶劣，没有人能上山救援，空中救援也受阻。
原文引用 3 处
「No one was willing to attempt a rescue in the violent storm.」
Peninsula Clarion · 2014-10-30
「rescue efforts were hampered by bad weather and poor internal communication by the NPS.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「Look, we couldn’t fly. We can’t make the Air Force go.」
Outside · 2014-08-20
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据Boulder Weekly，据生还者施利希特（Paul Schlichter）回忆，当时派出了一架 C-130 搜寻山上的人；他们自愿随机协助指认位置，但被告知不允许平民登机，他本人仍被拒绝登机。
原文引用 2 处
「I remember they sent a C-130 to search for the men on the mountain.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「They still refused to let me on board.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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据Outside，巡护员韦恩·梅里（Wayne Merry）认为，他当时要求派飞机飞越侦察的呼吁被忽视了。
原文引用 1 处
「Wayne feels like his calls for an aircraft overflight were ignored.」
Outside · 2014-08-20
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据Explorersweb，据报道，到 7 月 13 日，队伍已在 Harper 冰川上建营。
原文引用 1 处
「By July 13, the group had set up camp on the Harper Glacier.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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7 月 15 日，威尔科克斯和科罗拉多队三人在好天气里登顶。
原文引用 3 处
「A successful summit climb had been made in good weather on July 15, by Wilcox in company with the Colorado trio」
AAC · 1982
「They reached the summit at 6:30 pm in good weather, with a clear sky and light winds.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「Wilcox and the Coloradans made the summit while the eight remaining climbers stayed in high camp」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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7 月 15 日登顶人数说法不一：AAC 1968 年的记录把安歇尔·希夫（Anshel Schiff）也列为当天登顶者，共 5 人；Explorersweb、Boulder Weekly 和《White Winds》书评说登顶的是威尔科克斯和科罗拉多队三人共 4 人。
原文引用 2 处
「Five other members, Joseph F. Wilcox, Anshel Schiff, Howard Snyder, Paul Schlichter and Jerry Lewis, had reached the summit on July 15」
AAC · 1968
「On July 15, Wilcox, Snyder, Schlichter, and Lewis started a summit push from their high camp at 5,456m.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据Explorersweb，据报道，7 月 16 日 12 人都在高营，风速达到每小时 113 公里，大家只能留在营地，第二批冲顶计划暂缓。
原文引用 1 处
「On July 16, all 12 members were at high camp when 113kph winds picked up, forcing everybody to remain at camp.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据Explorersweb，7 月 17 日，由 31 岁的杰里·克拉克（Jerry Clark）带领的第二批队员出发冲顶。
原文引用 1 处
「On July 17, the second group, led by the 31-year-old Clark, went for the summit.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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史蒂夫·泰勒（Steve Taylor）因身体不适留在高营，没有参加第二批冲顶。
原文引用 2 处
「A seventh member, Steve Taylor, had remained at their 17,900-foot camp, feeling slightly ill.」
AAC · 1968
「Steve Taylor remained at high camp because of altitude sickness.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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同一天，先登顶的一批人下撤到 Harper 冰川上海拔约 15,000 英尺的低营；与他们同行的还有原威尔科克斯队的一名队员。
原文引用 3 处
「had descended to a camp at 15,000 feet on the Harper Glacier to conserve food and fuel at the high camp.」
AAC · 1968
「One of the climbers in the Seattle group chose to descend to Camp 6 at 15,000 feet with the four men returning from the summit.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「The group that had summited two days earlier descended to a lower camp at 4,572m.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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第二批冲顶队员在途中露营过夜，第二天才登顶。
原文引用 2 处
「they had reached the top in a white-out after a bivouac the previous night.」
AAC · 1968
「The summit group stopped to bivouac, hoping for better weather the next morning.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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7 月 18 日，第二批队员在白茫茫的能见度下登顶，并从峰顶用无线电向公园报告。
原文引用 2 处
「radioed to Park Rangers from the summit; they had reached the top in a white-out after a bivouac the previous night.」
AAC · 1968
「Clark radioed to say that he, McLaughlin, Walt Taylor, Janes, and Luchterhand had topped out in a whiteout.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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约翰·拉塞尔（John Russell）是否登顶说法不一：AAC 1968 年的记录把他列在 7 月 18 日从峰顶发报的 6 人中；Explorersweb 说克拉克报告登顶的是 5 人，拉塞尔情况不明、可能中途折返。
原文引用 2 处
「On July 18 Jerry Clark, Mark McLaughlin, Walter Taylor, Hank James, Dennis Luchterhand and John Russell radioed to Park Rangers from the summit」
AAC · 1968
「John Russell’s situation was unclear; he didn’t summit and might have turned back during the push.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据Explorersweb，据报道，克拉克在电台里说 10 分钟后开始下撤，此后再没有发报。
原文引用 1 处
「Clark said that they would start to descend in 10 minutes. They never radioed again.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据AAC，第二批队员在下撤途中遭遇猛烈而持久的暴风。
几条引文出自同一家媒体的不同报道，按一个来源计
原文引用 2 处
「They were apparently caught during their descent by a violent and prolonged storm.」
AAC · 1968
「the devastating storm that killed those descending from the second successful summit assault」
AAC · 1982
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7 月 28 日，阿拉斯加登山俱乐部的队伍抵达 17,900 英尺营地，在那里发现一名遇难者；次日在执事塔（Archdeacon's Tower）下方又发现两人。
原文引用 2 处
「The Mountaineering Club of Alaska Expedition reached the 17,900-foot camp on July 28 and found a single victim there. They found two others just below the Archdeacon’s Tower the following day.」
AAC · 1968
「Several days after the storm, two bodies were found at Archdeacon’s Tower below the summit.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据AAC，据 AAC 记录，8 月 19 日霍曼夫妇（Vin and Grace Hoeman）、雷·吉内特（Ray Genet）等 6 人被飞送到卡希尔特纳冰川，除霍曼夫人外沿西扶壁上山搜寻遇难者；8 月 27 日其中 4 人登顶，仔细搜查执事塔斜坡，没有发现遗体的痕迹。
原文引用 2 处
「Vin and Grace Hoeman, Ray Genet, Ed Boulton, Chuck Crenchaw and Dick Springgate were flown to the Kahiltna Glacier on August 19.」
AAC · 1968
「Although they searched the slopes of the Archdeacon’s Tower carefully, no traces of the bodies were found.」
AAC · 1968
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生还的两位领队都写了书：斯奈德 1973 年出版《The Hall of the Mountain King》，威尔科克斯 1981 年出版《White Winds》，两书说法互有出入。
原文引用 3 处
「later recounted by Howard Snyder in his 1973 book The Hall of the Mountain King」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
「White Winds. Joe Wilcox. Hwong Publishing, Los Alamitos, California, 1981.」
AAC · 1982
「Joe Wilcox's White Winds about the expedition published several years after Snyder's book, partly in rebuttle to points in Snyder's account.」
akfatal.net ·
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据AAC，据《White Winds》书评，威尔科克斯根据周边低地气象站记录推算，这场暴风可能是登山者在世界上遇到过的最强暴风；他的分析资料存入了美国国家气象局图书馆。
原文引用 2 处
「he calculated that the storm may have been the worst ever encountered by mountaineers anywhere on earth.」
AAC · 1982
「his documentation has been archived in the library of the National Weather Service.」
AAC · 1982
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据Boulder Weekly，生还者施利希特认为，外界报道的队员性格冲突被夸大了，但两队确实缺少统一的领导。
原文引用 1 处
「Some of the personality conflicts that have been reported were overblown, but the teams did suffer from a lack of cohesive leadership.」
Boulder Weekly · 2010-11-04
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《Denali's Howl》作者安迪·霍尔（Andy Hall）认为没有单一的致命错误，这些人只是在错误的时间出现在了错误的地方。
两处都是 Andy Hall 本人在不同采访中的说法。
原文引用 2 处
「I don't think there was one thing. Ultimately, they were in the wrong place at the wrong time.」
CSMonitor · 2014-07-03
「The real key is that they were in the wrong place at the wrong time.」
National Geographic · 2014-07-20
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威尔科克斯说那是一个自力更生的年代，他们并不指望救援或任何安全网。
原文引用 2 处
「I asked [survivor] Joe Wilcox if he expected a rescue or any kind of safety net. He said no.」
Outside · 2014-08-20
「Joe Wilcox says it was the age of self-reliance.」
CSMonitor · 2014-07-03
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据WildSnow，WildSnow 书评作者认为，首批登顶者没有在顶峰段插足标志杆是根本原因之一，并认为如果在高营挖足够大的雪洞，很多人可能活下来。
原文引用 2 处
「the expedition’s first summit team made a tragic and obvious mistake in not adequately wanding the summit section of the route.」
WildSnow · 2015-04-09
「IF a commodious snowcave had been dug at their upper camp on Harper Glacier, all the men quite possibly would have lived.」
WildSnow · 2015-04-09
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据Explorersweb，据报道，这条路线从北侧开始，要先从神奇湖（Wonder Lake）徒步约 63 公里到冰川脚下；卡斯滕斯山脊狭窄暴露，特别容易受大风影响。
原文引用 2 处
「The route begins on the north side of McKinley and requires a 63km trek from Wonder Lake to the base of the glacier.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
「The ridge is also particularly vulnerable to high winds.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据Explorersweb，据报道，事故后德纳里国家公园修改了登山规定，包括要求提前登记、提交登山经历、携带双向无线电，并在攀登结束后联系公园。
原文引用 1 处
「The 1967 tragedy led Denali National Park to modify climbing protocols, including requiring parties to register in advance, document their mountaineering experience and readiness, carry two-way radios」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据Explorersweb，据 Explorersweb，美国国家气象局后来把这场暴风称为百年一遇。
原文引用 1 处
「National Weather Services later called the storm a once-in-century event.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
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据Explorersweb，斯奈德批评威尔科克斯在首次登顶后把队伍分成两批，认为这削弱了全队作为整体应对的能力；威尔科克斯则认为分批是为了让每个人都有机会登顶。
原文引用 1 处
「Wilcox defended the split as a chance for everyone to summit, but Snyder argued that it weakened the team’s ability to respond as a unit.」
Explorersweb · 2025-03-07
归途路全球户外事故地图档案
