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据Himalayan Journal,维恩是诺贝尔奖得主威廉·维恩的独子。
原文引用 1 处
「the only son of Wilhelm Wien, the distinguished scientist and Nobel prize-winner」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,1934 年同一座山上已有十人丧生。
原文引用 1 处
「The loss of ten lives in 1934 tells its own tragic and terrible story.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,1934 年之后,卡尔·维恩把再次尝试南迦帕尔巴特峰视为一项责任,接下了 1937 年的远征。
原文引用 1 处
「He therefore took upon himself the task, more as a duty than as an inclination, of making a fresh attempt on Nanga Parbat.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,据喜马拉雅俱乐部的悼文,德国体育部门负责人选定维恩组织并带领这次再攻。
原文引用 1 处
「selected him to organize and lead another attempt to climb Nanga Parbat」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据The Friday Times,有文章指出,这座山在纳粹时期被当作德国的声望目标,1937 年这次远征的路线与此前几次相同。
原文引用 2 处
「Nanga Parbat turned into a prestige object of the Nazi regime」
The Friday Times · 2019-04-26
「A third attempt in 1937, followed the same route as Merkl’s expeditions」
The Friday Times · 2019-04-26
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据Himalayan Journal,哈特曼打算在南迦帕尔巴特峰上继续他的高海拔人体研究,并带助手乌尔里希·卢夫特同行。
原文引用 1 处
「These researches were to be continued on Nanga Parbat, and with that object he took with him Dr. Ulrich Luft, his assistant.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,1934 年遭受重创后,仍有一批夏尔巴人自愿再次参加这支德国队,其中多人到过珠峰高营地。
原文引用 2 处
「Several of the twelve who were chosen had been to the highest camps on Mount Everest.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「again volunteered to assist their German companions」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,5 月 22 日,远征队第一组开始正式进攻。
原文引用 1 处
「The real attack began on the 22nd May, when the first group」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,5 月 26 日,2 号营地遇到雪崩带起的风雪冲击,没有人受伤。
原文引用 1 处
「Fortunately the snow particles were fine and there was no large ice debris in the wind, so that no one was hurt.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,5 月 31 日,因坏天气持续,前进小组被决定撤回大本营。
原文引用 1 处
「On the 31st May, however, in view of the continued bad weather, it was decided to withdraw them to the base camp.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,卢夫特赶到营地原址,粗略搜寻后只找到哈特曼、黑普等人的背包。
原文引用 1 处
「After some rough search we found only the rucksacks of Hartmann, Hepp, and」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,卢夫特和斯马特判断事故只可能发生在 6 月 14 日夜间。
原文引用 1 处
「it is the opinion of Lieutenant Smart and myself that it can only have happened on the night of the 14th June」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,斯马特当即派人去奇拉斯和吉尔吉特,请求送来合适的工具和人手。
原文引用 1 处
「Smart sont off runners at once to Chilas and Gilgit asking for suitable tools and men.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,6 月 7 日,4 号营地开始有人驻守,随后天气变化,行动再度被拖住。
原文引用 1 处
「Camp 4 was occupied on the 7th June, when a change in the weather set in and operations were again held up.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,6 月 12 日队伍到达 5 号营地位置,但因条件不佳没有入驻,登山者和夏尔巴人留在 4 号营地。
原文引用 1 处
「Owing to the unfavourable conditions it was not advisable to occupy it, and the mountaineers and Sherpas remained in Camp 4.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,6 月 13 日夜里,八个人挤在一顶帐篷里唱歌、吹口琴、聊天。
原文引用 1 处
「At night we sat up long, all the eight of us in one tent, singing, playing the mouth-organ, and yarning.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,6 月山上气温很低、每天下雪;到 14 日事发当天,新雪已超过 10 英尺。
原文引用 2 处
「the temperature was very low in June, while snow fell every day」
Himalayan Journal ·
「there had been more than 10 feet of fresh snow」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,6 月 14 日早晨,联络官斯马特带着 5 名生病的搬运工离开 4 号营地下撤。
原文引用 1 处
「who left there on the morning of the 14th June, bringing down five sick porters」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,6 月 14 日,维恩、格特纳、哈特曼带着一队搬运工向 5 号营地方向运送物资,放下后回到 4 号营地。
原文引用 1 处
「had led up a gang of porters towards Camp 5 that day, dumping the loads some way up and then returning to Camp 4」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,普费弗 6 月 14 日的日记写到,天气看起来终于在好转,营地士气升高。
原文引用 1 处
「morale grew high as the weather appeared to be improving at last」
Himalayan Journal ·
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6 月 14 日夜间,7 名登山者和 9 名夏尔巴搬运工都在 4 号营地过夜。
美国登山协会年报称「七名德国队员」,另据期刊其中有一位来自奥地利蒂罗尔。
原文引用 2 处
「Nine Sherpa porters also slept there on the same night.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「seven of the nine German members, and nine Sherpa porters were overwhelmed」
American Alpine Club ·
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雪崩发生在 6 月 14 日夜间、午夜过后几分钟;美国登山协会的年报同样记为 6 月 15 日凌晨午夜之后。
原文引用 2 处
「The catastrophe must have happened during the night of the 14th, at a few minutes after midnight.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「in the early morning of June 15th. shortly after midnight」
American Alpine Club ·
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据Himalayan Journal,搜救队取出哈特曼的手表时,表上显示 12 点 20 分;哈特曼和普费弗在 14 日深夜还写过日记,这些成为判断时间的线索。
原文引用 2 处
「Hartmann's wrist-watch showed 12.20 when we took it from him」
Himalayan Journal ·
「Hartmann and Pfeffer had added to their diaries again in the late evening of that day」
Himalayan Journal ·
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冰从营地上方约 300 到 400 米的冰台悬崖崩落;美国登山协会年报说来自拉基奥特峰的悬冰川。
两处说法都出自德方通报,来路相近。
原文引用 2 处
「The ice broke away from the cliffs of an ice-terrace from 300 to 400 metres distant from the camp.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「which descended from the hanging glacier on Rakhiot Peak」
American Alpine Club ·
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据鲍尔所编报告的分析,冰塔坠落时遇到寒冷的粉雪,粉雪成了良好的滑动面。这是事后推断。
第二个来源 Global Summit Guide 是对期刊的二手综述,只作旁证,实际来路是同一份报告。
原文引用 2 处
「The cold powder snow unfortunately made a good sliding surface for the ice serac which broke away during the night of the 14th June.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「Ice blocks accelerated across deep, cold powder snow」
Global Summit Guide · 2026-09-18
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雪崩冲过平台的距离各来源说法不一:鲍尔的报告写约 150 米;美国登山协会年报写四分之三英里(约 1.2 公里)。
鲍尔报告里另有雪崩区约 400 米长、150 米宽的描述。
原文引用 2 处
「Ice and snow sliding over the glacier swept, as avalanches sometimes do, some 150 metres over the level part」
Himalayan Journal ·
「It swept three-quarters of a mile across the level terrasse」
American Alpine Club ·
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关于营地位置:鲍尔的报告称 4 号营地一带 1932、1934 年相对安全;美国登山协会年报则称这次营地不是以往用过的那个位置。两种说法是否矛盾尚无法核实。
原文引用 2 处
「The site of Camp 4 was comparatively safe in 1932 and 1934.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「The campsite was not the same as previously used」
American Alpine Club ·
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据Himalayan Journal,营地被埋在雪崩堆积面下约 9 到 10 英尺处;帐篷原先架在雪坑里。
原文引用 2 处
「from 9 to 10 feet below its surface」
Himalayan Journal ·
「The tents stood in a pit and the snow around them had accumulated higher and higher」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Explorersweb,有文章列出了遇难的 9 名夏尔巴人名单(拼写以原文为准)。
原文引用 1 处
「Pasang P., Nim Tsering, Mambahadur, Kami, Gyaljen Monjo, Jigmay, Chong Karma, Ang Tsering II, and Da Thondup」
Explorersweb ·
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慕尼黑在 6 月 20 日中午前后收到第一份未经证实的出事消息;有网站称早期通报还曾一度暗示维恩可能幸存。
后半句只见于 Global Summit Guide(可信度较低),仅作旁证。
原文引用 2 处
「The first unconfirmed report of the disaster reached Munich about midday on Sunday, the 20th June.」
Himalayan Journal ·
「even briefly suggested Karl Wien might have survived」
Global Summit Guide · 2026-09-18
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据Himalayan Journal,搜救队找到帐篷时,上面压着约 2.5 米厚的大冰块和压实的雪。
原文引用 1 处
「The tents were covered by a layer 2 ½ metres thick, consisting of large ice-blocks and hard-pressed snow.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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搜救队找到并就地安葬了普费弗、哈特曼、黑普、维恩、方克豪泽五人;另有一顶帐篷没有找到,搜寻因人员疲惫和缺少食物、燃料而中止。
据鲍尔报告,没找到的帐篷里是格特纳和米勒里特。
原文引用 3 处
「There we found Pfeffer, Hartmann, Hepp, Wien, and Fankhauser」
Himalayan Journal ·
「we could not trace, and we then had to give up any further search owing to the exhaustion of the men and lack of food and fuel」
Himalayan Journal ·
「They recovered the bodies of five of the Europeans, which they buried nearby.」
American Alpine Club ·
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据Himalayan Journal,夏尔巴领队努尔桑表示,按他们的宗教观念,让其余搬运工留在原地安息更合适,搜救队因此没有继续找他们。
原文引用 1 处
「it would be more in keeping with their religious views to leave them to rest where they had met their fate」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,被找到的遇难者都躺在睡袋里,面容和双手看不出惊慌的迹象。
原文引用 1 处
「All the men who were found lay in their sleeping-bags without any sign of alarm in their faces or hands.」
Himalayan Journal ·
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据Himalayan Journal,鲍尔据日记认为这场事故不是判断失误所致;这是他本人的看法。
原文引用 1 处
「so that we could establish the fact that it was brought about through no error of judgement」
Himalayan Journal ·
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鲍尔等三人乘飞机赶赴印度,英国皇家空军于 7 月 5 日把他们从里萨尔普尔飞往吉尔吉特。
原文引用 2 处
「they were flown by the Royal Air Force from Risalpur to Gilgit, on the 5th」
Himalayan Journal ·
「Three members of the Himalayan Foundation were sent out immediately from Germany by air」
American Alpine Club ·
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据Explorersweb,1938 年保尔·鲍尔再次带队前往,行前牢记 1934、1937 年的两次悲剧。
原文引用 1 处
「Paul Bauer led a German expedition in 1938, mindful of the 1934 and 1937 tragedies.」
Explorersweb ·
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据Global Summit Guide,事后评述认为,教训在于经验丰富的登山者即使管理好已知危险,仍可能遭遇超出以往经验的低频率冰崩冲击。
原文引用 1 处
「experienced climbers can manage known hazards and still be exposed to a low-frequency runout that exceeds prior experience」
Global Summit Guide · 2026-09-18