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死者兰斯·克罗斯比（Lance Crosby）63岁，来自蒙大拿州比林斯，在黄石公园为经营园内诊所的 Medcor 公司做季节性工作。
原文引用 2 处
「Crosby was a long-term seasonal employee of Medcor, the company that operates three urgent care clinics in the park.」
Moose Radio · 2015-08-10
「Crosby, 63, from Billings, Montana, was found dead less than a mile from the Elephant Back Loop Trail」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
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两只幼熊后来被送往俄亥俄州的一家动物园。
原文引用 2 处
「its two cubs placed into an Ohio zoo.」
AP · 2016-01-13
「her cubs sent to the Toledo Zoo」
National Geographic · 2015-08-20
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克罗斯比是2010年以来黄石地区第六位死于灰熊的人，也是2011年以来大黄石生态系统内首起灰熊致死事件。
原文引用 2 处
「Crosby is the sixth person killed by grizzlies since 2010 in and around Yellowstone.」
AP · 2015-08-13
「Crosby's death was the first fatal grizzly encounter in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem since 2011.」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
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克罗斯比独自徒步，据报道没有携带防熊喷雾。
原文引用 2 处
「was hiking alone and without bear spray in the park's Lake Village area.」
AP · 2015-08-13
「Crosby was alone and did not appear to have bear spray, park officials have said.」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
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据Powell Tribune，克罗斯比的死亡时间被公园方面估计在8月6日（周四）至8月7日（周五）之间。
原文引用 1 处
「Crosby was killed sometime between Thursday, Aug. 6 and Friday, Aug. 7, park officials have said.」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
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克罗斯比的遗体于8月7日（周五）中午前后在象背环线步道附近被发现，位于一处热门的离开步道区域，距步道约半英里。
原文引用 2 处
「Crosby was found dead at around noon on Friday, less than a mile from the Elephant Back Loop Trail」
Yellowstone Gate · 2015-08-13
「was found dead about .5 miles from the Elephant Back Loop Trail in a popular off-trail area in the Lake Village area」
Moose Radio · 2015-08-10
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据Yellowstone Gate，据报道，克罗斯比是被同事报告失踪后才被找到的。
原文引用 1 处
「He had been hiking alone, and was reported missing by co-workers before his body was found.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2015-08-13
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据AP，遗体距最近的步道约半英里，被泥土和松针覆盖。
原文引用 1 处
「His body was found by park rangers Friday about a half-mile from the nearest trail. It was hidden by dirt and pine needles」
AP · 2015-08-13
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克罗斯比被发现后，园方在现场设置陷阱，8月7日晚抓获一头成年雌熊；象背环线步道和自然桥步道及周边区域随即封闭。
原文引用 2 处
「wildlife biologists set bear traps in the area where Crosby was attacked on Friday evening. One bear was captured that night」
NPR · 2015-08-10
「The Elephant Back Loop Trail, Natural Bridge Trail, and the immediate area is closed until further notice.」
Moose Radio · 2015-08-10
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公园初步调查认为克罗斯比遭到至少一头灰熊袭击，遗体被部分啃食并被掩盖。
原文引用 2 处
「he was attacked by at least one grizzly bear. His body was found partially consumed and cached, or covered」
Moose Radio · 2015-08-10
「was attacked by at least one female grizzly bear」
NBC News · 2015-08-10
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据NPR，现场留下的不完整脚印显示，一头成年雌性灰熊和至少一头当年出生的幼熊在场，很可能参与了袭击。
原文引用 1 处
「an adult female grizzly and at least one cub-of-the-year were present and likely involved in the incident,」
NPR · 2015-08-10
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据NPR，调查人员在克罗斯比前臂上发现了看起来像是防御性的伤口。
原文引用 1 处
「investigators have identified what appear to be defensive wounds on Crosby's forearms」
NPR · 2015-08-10
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园方事先表示，如果证实被抓的熊参与了袭击，将对其实施安乐死。
原文引用 2 处
「If the bear is determined as having been involved, it will be euthanized.」
Moose Radio · 2015-08-10
「If the animal is proven guilty of the fatal mauling, it will be euthanized」
NBC News · 2015-08-10
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尸检结论是克罗斯比死于熊袭击造成的创伤。
原文引用 2 处
「an autopsy conducted Monday concluded that Lance Crosby, a 63-year-old Billings, Mont. man, died as a result of traumatic injuries sustained from the attack.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2015-08-13
「An autopsy confirmed 63-year-old Lance Crosby of Billings died of a bear attack.」
AP · 2015-08-13
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对现场熊毛的DNA检测确认，被抓获的成年雌熊就是袭击者；爪印和牙齿与伤口的比对也相符。
原文引用 2 处
「DNA analysis of bear fur samples collected next to Crosby’s body confirmed the adult female grizzly bear that was captured at the scene on the night the body was discovered was the bear involved in the fatal attack.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2015-08-13
「teeth wounds found on Crosby's body also matched the bear」
AP · 2015-08-13
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据AP，这头灰熊重约259磅，据园方发言人说至少15岁。
原文引用 1 处
「belonged to the 259-pound grizzly and teeth wounds found on Crosby's body also matched the bear, which was at least 15 years old, Bartlett said.」
AP · 2015-08-13
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据AP，据园方说，当时现场除这头母熊和两只幼熊外，没有发现其他熊。
原文引用 1 处
「No other bears had been spotted in the area at the time of the attack besides the grizzly and the two cubs.」
AP · 2015-08-13
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园方称，遗体有相当一部分被啃食并被掩盖，说明熊打算回来继续进食，这与母熊保护幼崽的普通防御性袭击不同，是决定安乐死的重要因素。
原文引用 2 处
「“An important fact in the decision to euthanize the bear was that a significant portion of the body was consumed and cached (that is, covered) with the intent to return for further feeding,”」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
「Such behavior is abnormal in typical defensive attacks by female bears defending their cubs, park officials said.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2015-08-13
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据AP，园方发言人说，幼熊也啃食了遗体，但若有动物园愿意接收，可以转运安置，因为幼熊更容易适应圈养设施，也不会学到把人当食物。
原文引用 2 处
「The bear's two cubs also fed on the body, park officials determined, but arrangements were being made to transfer them to a zoo」
AP · 2015-08-13
「Cubs can adapt to a facility much easier, and there is no danger of them learning humans are food,」
AP · 2015-08-13
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8月13日（周四），黄石国家公园对这头雌性灰熊实施安乐死。
国家地理的文章称园长作出决定的日期是8月14日，其余来源（公园声明、美联社、Powell Tribune）均为8月13日周四。
原文引用 2 处
「Yellowstone National Park officials euthanized a grizzly bear Thursday after DNA tests confirmed it attacked and killed a hiker last week」
AP · 2015-08-13
「The bear was captured Aug. 7 and put down on Thursday.」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
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园长丹·温克（Dan Wenk）表示，决定考虑了案件事实、灰熊管理项目目标以及灰熊种群的长期存续，而不是单只熊的命运。
原文引用 2 处
「“Our decision takes into account the facts of the case, the goals of the bear management program, and the long term viability of the grizzly bear population as a whole, rather than an individual bear,”」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
「made after taking into account “the facts of the case, the goals of the bear management program, and the long-term viability of the grizzly bear population as a whole, rather than an individual bear.”」
Yellowstone Gate · 2015-08-13
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园方宣布可能对肇事熊实施安乐死后，引发公众强烈反应：有请愿声称获得超过12万个签名，要求保住这头母熊；园方也收到数百个电话和邮件。
原文引用 2 处
「one petition, which had garnered more than 120,000 signatures from all over the world as of Thursday afternoon.」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
「Hundreds of calls and emails over the bear's fate have poured into park offices over the past week, Bartlett estimated.」
AP · 2015-08-13
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国家地理的报道称，这起事件的原因仍无定论，一位熊类冲突专家说，无法还原象背山上发生的具体经过：可能是捕食性行为，也可能是防御性攻击。
原文引用 2 处
「"There's no way to reconstruct what took place out there on Elephant Back,"」
National Geographic · 2015-08-20
「Were the grizzlies' actions purely predatory, or was it a defensive attack that turned lethal?」
National Geographic · 2015-08-20
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据Yellowstone Gate，审查报告由怀俄明和蒙大拿的九位州和联邦熊类生物学家编写，认为克罗斯比没有遵守几项在灰熊区的关键安全建议。
原文引用 1 处
「The report, compiled by nine state and federal bear biologists based in Wyoming and Montana, found that Crosby failed to follow several key safety recommendations」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
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据Yellowstone Gate，报告引述克罗斯比的家人和朋友称，他常独自徒步、常离开步道，从不带防熊喷雾，认为带喷雾会让人松懈，不如保持警觉、依靠感官避开熊。
原文引用 2 处
「“stated that he often hiked alone, often hiked off-trail, and never carried bear spray,”」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
「believed carrying bear spray would make him ‘complacent,’ and that he thought it better to remain vigilant and rely on his senses to avoid confrontations with bears.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
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报告指出，克罗斯比没有带相机、手机或露营装备，因此很可能只是一次短途日间徒步。
原文引用 1 处
「Because he was not carrying a camera, phone or camping gear, Crosby was likely out for a short day hike, the report states.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
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报告称，现有证据显示这次事件可能让母熊的幼崽学会把人视为食物来源（报告的判断，属推测）。
原文引用 1 处
「the incident may have taught her cubs to view humans as a food source.」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
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报告提出五项灰熊区安全准则：保持警觉、携带防熊喷雾、制造声响、不要奔跑、三人以上结伴同行或骑马。
原文引用 2 处
「The report recommends five key grizzly country safety guidelines:」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
「Other recommended precautions include being vigilant, making noise, and not running from a bear during an encounter.」
AP · 2016-01-13
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据AP，对近8800名游客的调查显示，不到14%的人携带防熊喷雾，60%的人徒步人数少于建议的最低三人。
原文引用 1 处
「Fewer than 14 percent of almost 8,800 visitors surveyed carried bear spray, and 60 percent hiked in party sizes smaller than the recommended minimum of three people.」
AP · 2016-01-13
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据Yellowstone Gate，审查委员会认为，各机构的熊安全宣传虽多，但游客遵守程度普遍偏低，现有宣传没有成功改变人们在熊区的实际行为。
原文引用 1 处
「“adherence to these safety practices is generally low, indicating that current messaging is not successful at changing peoples’ actual behavior in bear country.”」
Yellowstone Gate · 2016-01-14
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据AP，经调查的多机构审查委员会指出，六起致死事件中有五名死者是徒步者，其中四人独自一人，且都没有携带防熊喷雾。
原文引用 1 处
「Five of the victims were hikers, including four who were alone, according to a multi-agency review board that investigated Crosby's death. None of the hikers carried canisters of bear spray」
AP · 2016-01-13
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据AP，委员会主席克里斯·瑟文（Chris Servheen）说，几项安全措施必须组合使用，例如结伴同行但不带喷雾、或带了喷雾就自认无虞，都不够。
原文引用 1 处
「"You can't hike in a group and then not carry bear spray, or if you carry bear spray that doesn't make you immune.」
AP · 2016-01-13
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克罗斯比已在黄石生活和工作了五个季节，被描述为有经验的徒步者。
原文引用 2 处
「He had worked and lived in Yellowstone for five seasons and was an experienced hiker.」
Moose Radio · 2015-08-10
「He was an experienced hiker who had spent five seasons working for Medcor」
Powell Tribune · 2015-08-13
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